Term
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Definition
| nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs |
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| act in concert with the cardiovascular system to supply O2 and remove CO2 from the blood |
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| composed of bone and cartilage covered by skin and is lined with mucous membranes |
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| openings to the exterior are called external nares or nostrils and are lined with coarse hairs to filter dust |
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| the internal portion communicates with the paranasal sinuses and throat through the internal nares |
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| divided into left and right sides by the nasal septum |
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| adapted for warming, moistening and filtering air; detects olfactory stimuli; provides large, hollow sinuses as resonance chambers for speech sounds |
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| serves as a passageway for air and food and provides a resonance chamber speech sounds; divided into 3 anatomical regions |
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| AKA the throat; houses the tonsils; is a 5-inch funnel-shaped muscular tube lined with mucous membranes |
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| posterior to the nasal cavity; contains the pharyngeal tonsils |
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| there are 5 openings in its wall- 2 internal nares, 2 eustachian tubes and the opening to the oropharynx |
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Definition
| from the soft palate to the hyoid bone; contains the palatine and lingual tonsils |
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Definition
| only one opening- the fauces or throat |
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Definition
| begins at the hyoid bone and opens into the esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly |
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| v-shaped fleshy pendant that descends from the soft palate; moves upward when swallowing to prevent foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity |
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| AKA the voice box; lies anterior to the esophagus at the level of C4-C6; contains vocal cords |
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Definition
| passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea; composed of 9 pieces of cartilage |
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| widens and moves down during swallowing to form a lid over the glottis to keep foods and liquids out of the airways |
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Definition
| provides attachments for muscles, cartilages and ligaments involved in air passage and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| arytenoid, cuneiform and corniculate |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA the windpipe; extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi at the level of T5 where it divides into right and left primary bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular passageway for air about 5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter; lined with mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of pseudostratified cilitaed epithelium, smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage; C-shaped rings accomodate for slight expansion of the esophagus during swallowing |
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Definition
| made up of 16-20 horizontal C-rings of hyaline cartilage stacked one on top of the other that provide semi-rigid support to keep the wall from collapsing |
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Term
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| AKA tracheostomy; operation to make a short longitudinal incision into the trachea just inferior to the cricoid cartilage |
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Definition
| could need this if airflow is blocked in the trachea by a crushing injury, tumor, foreign object or inflamamtion |
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Term
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Definition
| inserting a tube into the mouth or nose and passing it inferiorly through the larynx and trachea |
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| functions in transporting air from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs; resembles an inverted tree |
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Definition
| consists of the trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of C-shaped rings of cartilage; right side is more vertical, shorter and wider than the left making it more likely to lodge aspirated objects |
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Definition
| divided into left and right bronchus by the carina |
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Definition
| bronchi divider; most sensitive area of mucous membranes which can trigger the cough reflex |
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Definition
| AKA lobar; one for each lung; consists of cartilage rings |
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Definition
| AKA segmental; one for each segment in each lobe of the lung; consists of smaller cartilage rings |
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Definition
| cartilage disappears and the amount of smooth muscle increases at the distals of these |
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Definition
| consists of smooth muscle and no cartilage; branch into the respiratory bronchiles which contain the alveolar ducts to supply the alveolar sacs |
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| causes the smooth muscle in the bronchioles to relax and the airways to dilate during cardiovascular activities; allergic reaction have the opposite effect |
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| paired organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by paired pleural membranes |
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| lines the thoracic cavity |
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| contains a lubricating serous fluid that reduces friction between the two pleurae |
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| has 3 lobes separated by 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal) |
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| has 2 lobes separated by the oblique fissure and a depression called the cardiac notch |
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Definition
| contains its own secondary bronchi, which give rise to to branches called tertiary bronchi |
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| divided into smaller segments which consist of many small compartments called lobules |
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| contains lymphatic tissure, arterioles, venules, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli |
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Definition
| small hollow cup-shaped sacs filled with air; lined by simple squamous epithelium |
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| the lung contains 300 million of these |
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| consists of 2-3 clusters of alveoli |
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Definition
| consists of 2 types of epithilial cells and macrophages |
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Definition
| made up of simple squamous epithelial cells which are the main site of gas exchange |
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| AKA septal cells; made up of cuboidal epithelial cells that secrete alveolar fluid (eg. surfactant) to keep the surface between the cells and air moist |
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| AKA dust cells; remove fine dust particles and other debris from the alveolar spaces via phagocytosis |
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Definition
| mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins; produced by septal cells in the lungs and keep the alveoli open, reducing the tendency for collapse |
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Definition
| site of gas exchange via diffusion |
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Definition
| consists of 2 single layers of simple squamous epithelium (1 alveolar epithelium and 1 capillary epithelium) between which lie alveolar and capillary basement membranes |
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