Shared Flashcard Set

Details

anatomy and physiology 6-7
anatomy and physiology
105
Anatomy
Professional
02/15/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
interumentary system
Definition
is made up of the skin, hair, nails,sebaceous glands, ceruminous or wax glands in the ear canal and sweat glands.
Term
skin
Definition
the skin is waterproof, it protects us from ultraviolet radiation, and through sweating it dissipates water and help regulate body temperature.
Term
the skin is composed of two layers
Definition
the upper epidermis and the lower dermis or corium
Term
the stratum corneum
Definition
it is a barrier to light and heat waves, most chemicals, and microorganisms.
Term
melanocytes
Definition
melanocytes of this layer produce melanin. This pigment is responsible for skin color and protection from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Term
melanocytes
Definition
dark skinned individuals have more active.
Term
albinism
Definition
is a genetic condition that results from the absence of melanin.
Term
albinism
Definition
is a genetic condition that results from the absence of melanin.
Term
dermis
Definition
is also called the corium or true skin and is composed of defense connective tissue.
Term
dermis
Definition
blood and lymph vessels, nerves, muscles, glands, and hair follicles are found in the dermis.
Term
hair
Definition
covers the entire body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and parts of the external genitalia.
Term
the three parts of hair
Definition
each individual hair is made of three parts; the outer cuticle; the cortex, which is the principal portion with pigment granules; and the inner medulla with air spaces.
Term
shaft
Definition
the visible portion of hair is called the shaft.
Term
hair follicle
Definition
the root of a hair is in a hair follicle.
Term
what happens when the arrector pill
Definition
when the arrector pill smooth muscle contracts, it causes a hair to stand on end produces "goose flesh"
Term
how does hair grow
Definition
hair grows in cycles and rest in between cycles.
Term
hair texture
Definition
hair texture can be classified as straight, curly, or tightly curly, and is due to genetics factors.
Term
hair color
Definition
hair color is determined by complex genetic factors.
Term
grey hair
Definition
gray hair occurs when pigments is absent in the cortex.
Term
white hair
Definition
white hair results from both the absence of pigment and air bubles in the shaft.
Term
grey hair
Definition
heredity and other unknown factors cause hair to turn grey.
Term
nails
Definition
a nail is a modification of cells made of very hard keratin.
Term
nail bed
Definition
the nail grows from the nail bed.
Term
sebum
Definition
sebum, an oil, gives a cosmetic gloss to skin and moisturizes it.
Term
sebaceous secretion
Definition
sebaceous secretion is controlled by the endocrine system, increasing during puberty and late pregnancy and decreasing with age.
Term
sweat glands
Definition
sweat glands are most numerous in the palms o our hands and in the soles o our feet.
Term
sweat
Definition
the odor of sweat is produced by the action of bacteria feeding on the sweat.
Term
sweating
Definition
sweating is an important physiologic process that helps cool the body.
Term
functions of the integumentary system
Definition
The skin functions in sensation, protection, thermoregulation and secretion.
Term
sensation of the integumentary system
Definition
receptor sites for changes in temperature (hot and cold) and pressure (pleasure and pain)are found in the skin.
Term
sensations
Definition
combination of stimulations result in the sensation of itching, burning, and tickling.
Term
skin, protection
Definition
the skin prevents the entrance of harmful physical and chemical agents into the body.
Term
melanin
Definition
melanin protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Term
lipids
Definition
the lipids content of skin prevent excessive water and electrolyte loss.
Term
acidic ph
Definition
the acidic ph of skin kills most bacteria and microorganisms that come in contact with our skin.
Term
hair protection
Definition
hair acts as an insulator, protects our eyes, and filters out foreign particles in our nose.
Term
normal body temp
Definition
normal body temperature is regulated by blood vessel dilation and constriction in the dermis of the skin.
Term
sweating
Definition
sweating is an evaporation process that cools the body.
Term
secretion
Definition
Term
secretion sebum
Definition
sebum has antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Term
secretion sebum
Definition
sebum has antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Term
sweat contain
Definition
sweat contains waste products such as urea, uric acid , ammonia, so it is also an excretion.
Term
what help manufacture vitamin d
Definition
the skin help manufacture vitamin d through exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Term
chapter 7 the skeleton system
Definition
skeleton system chapter 7
Term
chapter 7 the skeleton system
Definition
skeleton system chapter 7
Term
skeleton
Definition
the skeleton is the supporting structure of the body; it allows muscles to bring about movement and breathing.
Term
solid appearance of bones
Definition
the solid appearance of bones is due to mineral salts that form the inorganic matrix surrounding the living bones cells.
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
the first person to correctly illustrate the 206 bones of the body.
Term
skeletal systems functions
Definition
the skeleton system have five functions 1.support surrounding tissues 2. protect vital organs and soft tissues. 3. provide levers for muscles to pull on. 4. manufacture blood cells in the red bone marrow by hematopoiesis. 5. act as a storage area for mineral salts, especially calcium and phosphorus, and fat in yellow marrow.
Term
the growth and formation of bones.
Definition
after 3 months, the fetal skeleton is completely formed and made primarily of hyaline cartilage, Ossification and growth then develop.
Term
the growth and formation of bones
Definition
longitudinal growth of bones continues until approximately 15 years of age in girls and 16 years in boys.
Term
bone maturation
Definition
bone maturation continues continues until 21 years of age in both sexes.
Term
bone development
Definition
bones develops from spindle-shape embryonic bone cells called osteoblasts,
Term
bone development
Definition
bones develops from spindle-shape embryonic bone cells called osteoblasts,
Term
osteoblast development
Definition
osteoblast develop into mature bone cells called osteocytes. they form under the fibrovascular membrane covering bone, called the periosteum, and under the membrane lining of the medullary cavity, called the endosteum.
Term
bone development
Definition
the more strain or pressure on a bone , the more the bone will develop.
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
osteoclasts are large cells that are responsible for the reabsorption of injured bone. they also reabsorb bone during remolding.
Term
intramembranous ossification (two types of ossification)
Definition
intramembranous ossification : a process in which dense connective membrane are replaced by deposits of inorganic calcium salts. the bones of the cranium form in this way.
Term
endochondral ossification:
Definition
endochondral ossification: the process whereby cartilage is the environment in which the bone cells develop. all other bones of the body develop in this way.
Term
maintaining the bones, endocrine system
Definition
the correct amount of calcium stored in the bones, the proper amount of calcium in the blood, and the excretion of excess calcium are controlled by the endocrine system.
Term
parathyroid glands
Definition
the parathyroid glands secret parathormone, which causes calcium to be released into the bloodstream. another hormone, calcitonin causes calcium to be stored in the bones.
Term
two types of bone tissues
Definition
compact or dense bones is strong and solid. cancellous or spongy bone has many open spaces filled with bone marrow.
Term
the Haversian system of compact bones
Definition
an English physician, Clopton Haver (1650-1702), first described the histologic features of compact bone.
Term
Haversian system canals
Definition
haversian canals in these rings of bones are cavities called lacunae; each lacuna contains an osteocyte bathed in fluid.
Term
bone marrow
Definition
there are two types of bone marrow red and yellow
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
red bone marrow function is hematopoiesis the formation of blood cells.
Term
red bone marrow in the cancellous tissue
Definition
in an adult the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis contain red bone marrow in the cancellous tissue.
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
yellow bone marrow is found in the shafts of long bone within their cancellous tissue. yellow bone marrow also store fat cells.
Term
the classification of bones
Definition
the bones of the body can be classified based on shape into five categories.
Term
long bones
Definition
long bones consist of a shaft or diaphysis, a flared portion at the end of the diaphysis called a metaphysis, and two extremities called epiphyses. examples are the clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur and fibula as well as the phalanges, metacarpals and metatarsals.
Term
short bones
Definition
short bones have somewhat irregular shape. example are the tarsal bones of the foot and carpal bones of the hand.
Term
flat bones
Definition
flat bones are flat and serve to protect or provide extensive muscle attachment. examples are some bones of the cranium, the ribs, scapula, and part of the hipbone.
Term
irregular bones
Definition
irregular bones have a very peculiar or irregular shape. examples are the vertebrae and the ossicles of the ear.
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
sesamoid bones are small rounded bones enclosed in tendon and fascial tissues near joints. one example is the largest sesamoid bones, the patella.
Term
bone markings(projections)
Definition
bones exhibit certain projections called processes, example of processes are the spine, condyle, tubercle, trochlea, trochanter, crest. line, head, and neck.
Term
bones (depressions)
Definition
bones also exhibit certain depressions called fossae. examples of fossae are suture, foramen, meatus or canal sinus or antrum and sulcus.
Term
functional bones markings
Definition
these markings are functional to help join bones to one another, to provide a surface for muscles attachment, or to serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves into and out of the bone.
Term
division of the skeleton
Definition
the human skeleton has 206 bones. the skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton (skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum) and the appendicular skeleton(bones of the upper and lower extremities).
Term
the orbits
Definition
the orbits are the two deep cavities that enclose and protect the eyes. a number of bones of the skull contribute to their formation.
Term
nasal cavities
Definition
the framework of the nose surrounds the two nasal cavities made by a number of bones of the skull.
Term
foramina
Definition
foramina are passageways for the vessels and nerves. The largest foramen of the skull is the foramen magnum for passage of the spinal cord.
Term
the hyoid bone
Definition
The hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bones. It is suspended by ligaments from the styloid process of the temporal bones. 2. the function is to support the tongue.
Term
the torso or the trunk
Definition
the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae make up the torso or trunk.
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
there are seven cervical vertebrae: the first is called the atlas and the second the axis.
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
there are 12 thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs.
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
there are five lumbar vertebrae, the strongest.
Term
single sacrum
Definition
the single sacrum is made of 5 fused sacral vertebrae.
Term
single coccyx
Definition
the single coccyx or tailbone is made up of four fused coccygeal vertebrae.
Term
sternum or breast bone
Definition
the sternum or breastbone develop in three parts; it look like a sword: the manubrium or handle. the gladiolus or body that look like a blade, and the xiphoid process that resembles the tip of the sword.
Term
parts of a rib
Definition
there are twelve part of ribs: the upper seven pair articulate directly with the sternum through their costal cartilages and are called true ribs; the lower five pair are called false ribs; because the 11th and 12th pairs have no costal cartilage to articulate indirectly with the sternum like the 8th, 9th and 10th pair, they are called floating ribs.
Term
the appendicular skeleton bones of the upper extremities bones of the shoulder girdle
Definition
the bones of the shoulder girdle are the clavicle or shoulder blade collar bone and the scapula.
Term
the humerus
Definition
the humerus is the bone of the upper arm.
Term
the forearm bones
Definition
the forearm bones are the ulna, the longer of the two bones, with its proximal olecranon process or funny bone of the elbow, and the radius, shorter bone that articulates with some of the wrist or carpal bones.
Term
the carpal bones
Definition
the carpal bones of the wrist are the pisiform, triquetral, lunate, and scaphoid (in the proximal row); the hamate, capitate, trapezoid or lesser multiangular; and the trapezium (type) or greater multiangular (in the distal row).
Term
palm of the hand bones
Definition
the bones of the palm of the hand are the five metacarpals.
Term
14 phalanges
Definition
the bones of fingers are the 14 phalanges in each hand.
Term
the lower extremities bones: the hips or pelvic
Definition
each hip or pelvic bone consist of three fused bones : the ilium and pubis . they form the pelvis girdle. the female ilium is wider than the male's, and we all sit on our ischial tuberosity.
Term
the femur
Definition
the femur or thighbone is the largest bone in the body.
Term
the patella
Definition
the patella or kneecap is the largest of the sesamoid bones; it is wrapped in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
Term
the tibia
Definition
the tibia or the shinbone is the largest bone of the lower leg.
Term
the fibula
Definition
the fibula of the lower leg is the most slender bone in the body. it is also known as the calf bone.
Term
the tarsal bone
Definition
the tarsal bones of the foot are the calcaneus or heel, the talus or ankle, the navicular, and the three cuneiforms.
Term
the metatarsals
Definition
the metatarsals make up the rest of the foot bones along with the 14 phalanges of the toes.
Term
the arches of the foot
Definition
the foot have three arches : the medial longitudinal arch is the highest, the lateral longitudinal arch and the transverse.
Term
pes planus flatfoot
Definition
pes planue or flatfoot results from decreased height in the longitudinal arches.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!