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Anatomy and Physiology
Male Reproductive System
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/24/2017

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Cards

Term
Functioning of the ___________ ___________ ensures the survival of the genetic characteristics of a species.
Definition
reproductive system
Term
The essential organs of the reproductive system of males is the gonads - they are also called ___________
Definition
testes
Term

These ( ____ _____) convey sperm outside the body and consist of the following:

pair of epididymides

pared vasa deferentia

pair of ejaculatory ducts

urethra

Definition
genital ducts
Term
These (____ ____) produce secretions that nourish, transport, and mature sperm.
Definition

Accessory glands

 

consists of:

  • pair of seminal vesicles
  • prostrate
  • pair of bulbourethral glands
Term
The supporting structures of the male reproductive organs these 3 ....
Definition

Scrotum

Penis

Pair of spermatic cords

Term
Describe the Perineum (in males)
Definition
Roughly diamond-shaped area between thighs; extends anteriorly from pubic symphysis to coccyx posteriorly.
Term
Describe the structure and location of the testes
Definition

Small, ovoid glands; about 4-5 cm in length and weigh

10-15 g each; left testicle hangs approx. 1cm

lower than the right.

Term
Which microscopic anatomy (cells) produces sperm?
Definition
Smermatogenic cells
Term
What are sustentacular cells also called?
Definition
Nurse or Sertoli cells
Term
How do Sustentacular cells (aka Nurse or Sertoli) function?
Definition
  • support and regulate sperm-producing functions of the testis
  • produce androgen-binding protein that binds to testosterone to make it more soluble and thus increase its concentration, supporting sperm production
Term
Siminiferous tubules contain which two types of cells?
Definition
Spertmatogenic & Sustentacular cells
Term
What hormones are secreted by the interstitial cells?
Definition

Testosterone

Inhibin

Estrogen

Term
Describe Testosterone
Definition
  • Type of androgen: maleness hormone
  • Functions include, promoting primary and secondary male sexual characteristics and anabolism, affecting fluid and electrolyte balance.
Term
Describe the structure of a spermatozoa
Definition
Consists of a head (covered by acrosome), neck, midpiece, and tail;  tail is divided into a principal piece and a short end piece
Term

What is the process called that a spermatozoa must under go before it is capable of fertilizing an ovum?

 

When does it occur?

Definition

Capacitation

 

Occurs after introduced into the vagina

Term
What are the two reproductive ducts in males called?
Definition

Epididymis

 

Vas deferens

Term
Describe the structure and location of the Epididymis
Definition
  • Single tightly coiled tube enclosed in fibrous casing
  • Approx. 20 ft long
  • Lies along top and side of each testis
  • Anatomical divisions include head, body, and tail
Term
Describe the functions of the Epididymis
Definition
  • Duct for seminal fluid
  • Also secretes part of seminal fluid
  • Contributes to maturation of sperm, which spend 1 to 3 weeks in this segment

 

Term
Describe the structure and location of the Vas deferens
Definition
  • Tube, extension of epididymis
  • Extends through inguinal canal, into abdominal cavity, over top and down posterior surface of bladder
  • Enlarged terminal portion called ampulla; joins duct of seminal vesicle
Term
What are the functions of the Vas deferens?
Definition
  • Excretory duct for seminal fluid
  • Connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct

 

Term
Name the accessory reproductive glands for males
Definition

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland

Term

Describe the structure, location and function

of the seminal vesicles

Definition
  • Convoluted pouches 5 to 7 cm long on posterior surface of bladder
  • Secrete the viscous, nutrient-rich part of seminal fluid (60% of semen volume)
Term
Describe the function of the prostate gland
Definition
Adds slightly acidic, watery, milky-looking secretion to seminal fluid (30% of semen volume)
Term

Describe the structure, location and function

of the bulbourethral glands

Definition
  • Small, pea-shaped structures with approx. 2.5-cm (1") long ducts leading into urethra
  • Lie below prostate gland
  • Secretes alkaline fluid that is part of semen (5% of semen volume)
Term
What anatomy does the scrotum contain?
Definition

Testis

Epididymis

Lower part of a spermatic cord

Term
Which muscles elevate the scrotal pouch during sexual arousal and cold temperatures?
Definition

Dartos and cremaster muscles

 

(ok now, this is getting a bit too detailed!)...lol

Term
Describe the structure and function of the penis
Definition
  • Composed of 3-cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, one of which contains urethra
  • Penis contains the urethra, the terminal duct for both urinary and reproductive tracts
  • During sexual arousal, penis becomes erect, serving as a penetrating copulatory organ during sexual intercourse
Term
What anatomy does the spermatic cords enclose?
Definition
Seminal ducts, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Term
What is the temperature required for sperm production?
Definition
About 3 degrees below normal body temperature
Term
Describe the composition of seminal fluid
Definition

Consists of secretions from testes,

epididymides (5%),

seminal vesicles (60%),

prostate (30%),

and bulbourethral glands (5%)

Term

What is the most important factor(s) in

determining male fertility?

Definition

The number of sperm ejaculated but also their

size, shape, and motility

Term
What is considered functional sterility in males?
Definition
When the sperm count falls below 25 million/ml
Term
Describe a Inguinal Hernia and how it occurs
Definition
  • Occurs when intestines push through the weak area of the abdominal wall that separates the abdominal cavity from the scrotum
  • Intestinal protrude may cause swelling of the scrotum
  • Result from heavy lifting, high internal pressure, and may be congenital
Term
What is the most common cause of scrotal swelling?
Definition

Hydrocele

 

(caused by accumulation of fluid)

Term
Describe Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH).
Definition

Non-cancerous condition characterized by

an enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland;

occurs in 75% of men older than 50

Term
What is Cryptorchidism?
Definition
A condition of undescended testes at birth; caused by hormone imbalances, physical deficiency, or obstruction
Term
What is Oligospermia?
Definition

Disruption of the sperm producing function

of the seminiferous tubules resulting in

decreased sperm production

Term
Describe infertility in males
Definition
Abnormally reduced capacity to deliver healthy sperm to the female reproductive tract
Term

What are the lobules

(composed of seminiferous tubules and intertitial cells)

separated by?

Definition

Septa and encased in fibrous capsules

called the tunica albuginea

Term
Describe the ejaculatory duct
Definition
  • Formed by union of vas deferens with duct from seminal vesicle
  • Passes through prostate gland, terminating in urethra
Term
How long can sperm live?
Definition

I cannot find in the notes or PPT, but I looked it up on the internet.

 

The typical lifespan of sperm in a woman's body while fertile cervical fluid is present is three days, but in the right conditions sperm can even live up to five days. This is an incredible feat compared to the brief lifespan of a mere few hours when there is no cervical fluid present.

Term

Be able to identify the epididymis and

seminal vesicle on an image

Definition
see PP
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