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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 11- The Muscular System
19
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/13/2017

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Term
Origin
Definition
the attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone
Term
insertion
Definition
the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone
Term
belly
Definition
fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons
Term
action of a muscle
Definition
the main movements that occur when the muscle contracts
Term
lever
Definition
rigid structure that can move around a fixed point
Term
fulcrum
Definition
fixed point that the lever moves around
Term
effort
Definition
causes movement
Term
load/resistance
Definition
opposes movement
Term
mechanical advantage
Definition
load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort farther from the fulcrum, then only a relatively small effort is required to move a large load over a small distance.
Term
mechanical disadvantage
Definition
the load is farther from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum, then a relatively large effort is required to move a small load
Term
first-class lever
Definition
The fulcrum is between the effort and the load
Term
second-class lever
Definition
2. The load is between the fulcrum and the effort
Term
third-class lever
Definition
3. The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
Term
fascicle
Definition
skeletal muscle fibers arranged in bundles
Term
agonist
Definition
prime mover The muscle directly responsible for producing a desired motion.
Term
antagonist
Definition
A muscle that has an action opposite that of the prime mover (agonist) and yields to the movement of the prime mover
Term
synergists
Definition
A muscle that assists the prime mover by reducing undesired action or unnecessary movement.
Term
fixators
Definition
stabilizes the origin of a prime mover so that it can act more efficiently
Term
compartment
Definition
group of skeletal muscles, associated blood vessels and nerves that all have a common function
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