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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 10- Muscular Tissue
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/20/2017

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Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
move the bones of the skeleton.is striated, voluntary, multinucleated, controlled by the somatic division of the nervous system
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
only found in the heart, striated, involuntary, single nucleus and branched. has intercalated discs for separation
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
found only in hollow organs, involuntary, no striations, single nucleus, spindle shaped
Term
Function of the skeletal muscles
Definition
movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
Specialized plasma membrane
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Myofibril
Definition
bundles of myofilaments aligned to give distinct bands
Term
I Bands
Definition
lighter, less dense band of thin filaments in the sarcomere of a skeletal muscle
Term
A Bands
Definition
dark, thick filaments in the sarcomere of a skeletal muscle
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
distance from Z line to Z line
Term
Z Discs
Definition
Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next
Term
H Zone
Definition
Narrow region in center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments
Term
M Line
Definition
Region in center of H zone that contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at center of sarcomere
Term
Actin
Definition
Contractile protein that is the main component of thin filament; each actin molecule has a myosin-binding site where myosin head of thick filament binds during muscle contraction
Term
Myosin
Definition
Contractile protein that makes up thick filament; molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites on actin molecules of thin filament during muscle contraction
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; when skeletal muscle fiber is relaxed, tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites on actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin
Term
Troponin
Definition
Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; when calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin, it changes shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin-binding sites on actin molecules, and muscle contraction subsequently begins as myosin binds to actin
Term
Fascicle
Definition
Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium
Term
Contraction Cycle
Definition
ATP hydrolysis
Attachment of myosin to actin to form cross-bridges
Power stroke
Detachment of myosin from actin
Term
Neuromuscular junction
Definition
the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber
Term
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Definition
process by which the breakdown of glucose gives rise to lactic acid when oxygen is absent or at a low concentration
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
The production of ATP (36 molecules) from the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid in mitochondria. Carbon dioxide, water, and heat are also produced
Term
Muscle fatigue
Definition
inability of a muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity
Term
Twitch contraction
Definition
brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron
Term
Motor unit
Definition
consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates
Term
latent period
Definition
brief delay between application of a stimulus and the start of a contraction
Term
Contraction period
Definition
second stage of a muscle twitch, when cross bridges are active, from the onset to the peak of tension development
Term
Relaxation Period
Definition
tension is removed from the muscle
Term
Refractory Period
Definition
period of lost excitability
Term
Muscle Tone
Definition
small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to

weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units
Term
Isotonic Contraction
Definition
the tension (force of contraction) developed in the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length
Term
Isometric Contraction
Definition
tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved, and the muscle does not change its length.
Term
Slow Oxidative Fibers
Definition
appears dark red due to large amounts of myoglobin
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