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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6- Skeletal System: Bone
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/21/2016

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Term
Osteology
Definition
study of the bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
made up of three connective tissues- bone, cartilage and ligaments
Term
Function of the skeletal system
Definition
support, movement, protection, formation of blood cells, mineral storage
Term
Parts of a typical bone
Definition
epiphysis, diaphysis, marrow cavity, blood vessels, periosteum
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
ends of a long bone containing spongy bone
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
shaft of the bone containing compact bone
Term
Metaphyses
Definition
region between the epiphysis and diaphysis that contains the growth plate
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where there is an articulation of a joint
Term
Periosteum
Definition
tough connective sheath that covers the bone surface
Term
Marrow Cavity
Definition
hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow with numerous blood vessels
Term
Endosteum
Definition
thin membrane lining the marrow cavity that contains a layer of bone forming cells and small amount of connective tissue
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
bone-building cell
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cell, main cells in bone tissue and maintains daily metabolism
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
bone breaking cells
Term
Compact Bone Tissue
Definition
hard bone containing osteons and contain few spaces. is the bulk of the diaphysis
Term
Spongy Bone Tissue
Definition
contains trabeculae located in the interior of a bone
Term
Osteon
Definition
repeating structural units consisting of concentric lamellae
Term
Lacunae
Definition
small spaces in the bone containing osteocytes
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
small channels radiating out from the lacunae filled with extra cellular fluid
Term
Perforating Canals
Definition
transverse canals running from the periosteum to the compact bone. contains blood vessels and nerves
Term
Ossification
Definition
process by which bone forms
Term
Epiphyseal Growth Plate
Definition
allows the diaphysis of a bone to increase in length
Term
Epiphyseal Line
Definition
cartilage cells stop dividing and bone replaces all remaining cartilage leaving a bony structure
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
type of cartilage containing many collagen fibers
Term
Elastic Cartilage
Definition
cartilage that contains elastin fibers
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
cartilage with a smooth matrix covering the ends of mature bone
Term
Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)
Definition
removes calcium from the bones and stimulates osteoclasts
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
adds calcium to bone and stimulates osteoblasts
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