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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 3-Cellular level of Organization
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2016

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Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
Complex cell containing plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
And organelles
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Simple cell consisting of only DNA and cytoplasm. There is no true
Nucleus or organelles
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Control center of the cell that contains DNA
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Selectively permeable barrier surrounding and containing the cytoplasm
Of a cell. Made up of carbs, proteins, cholesterol, and phospholipid
Bilayer
Term
Fluid Mosaic Model
Definition
Structural model of plasma membrane
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
Substances that do not require energy to pass through plasma membrane
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Substances that require energy in the form of ATP to pass through plasma
membrane
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration of those molecules to an area of lower concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
a special case of diffusion where water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential
Term
Isotonic solution
Definition
when two solutions have the same concentrations of solutes i.e.normal RBC
Term
Hypotonic Solution
Definition
A solution with less solute i.e. RBC swells
Term
Hypertonic Solution
Definition
A solution with more solute i.e.RBC shrinks
Term
Active Transport
Definition
low concentration to a high concentration that is done by the process of ATP
Term
Sodium-Potassium pump
Definition
an active transport that expels NA+ and brings K+ into the cell
Term
Ribosome
Definition
site of protein synthesis
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
structure in a cell that synthesizes lipids
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
structure in the cell that contains ribosomes and manufactures proteins
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
refines and packages substances received from the ER
Term
Vesicle
Definition
a small bladder or sac that contains liquids; transports substances from one side of cell to another
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
powerhouse of the cell; provides energy to the cell via ATP
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
network of proteins that support the cell and extend throughout the cytoplasm
Term
Centrosome
Definition
located near the nucleus and consists of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material
Term
Centrioles
Definition
cylindrical structures composed of 9 clusters of 3 microtubules arranged in a circular pattern
Term
Cilia
Definition
numerous, short, hair-like projections that extend off the surface of the cell
Term
Flagella
Definition
Hair-like projection that moves an entire cell
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
membrane-enclosed vesicles that contains powerful digestive enzymes. help recycle worn-out cell structures
Term
Chromatid
Definition
Pair identical connected nucleoprotein strands
Term
Centromere
Definition
point of attachment where 2 chromatids are joined in the middle
Term
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine
Cytosine, Uracil
Definition
bases of DNA, RNA
Term
Cell Division
Definition
process by which cells reproduce
Term
Somatic Cell
Definition
any cell of the body other than a germ cell
Term
Germ Cell
Definition
gamete-sperm or oocyte
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
cytoplasmic division of a cell
Term
Mitosis
Definition
nuclear division of a cell to produce 2 genetically identical cells. has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
Term
Meiosis
Definition
reproductive cell division that produces gametes and cuts the number of chromosomes in half
Term
23
Definition
pair of chromosomes gained from each parent for a total of 46
Term
Prophase
Definition
the nuclear membrane breaks up within the cell membrane
Term
Metaphase
Definition
chromosomes line up in the middle of the metaphase plate
Term
Anaphase
Definition
the centromeres split and form a "V" shape and move to opposite poles
Term
Telephase
Definition
final stage of mitosis. the formation of 2 cells
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