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Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2-Chemical Level of Organization
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2016

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Term
Atoms
Definition
smallest unit of matter
Term
Protons
Definition
Positive charged subatomic particles inside the nucleus of an atom
Term
Neutron
Definition
Uncharged subatomic particles inside of the nucleus of an atom
Term
Electron
Definition
Negatively charged subatomic particles that moves in an orbit around the
Nucleus
Term
Atomic number
Definition
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Mass number
Definition
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Ion
Definition
Positive or negatively charged element
Term
Ionization
Definition
Giving up or gaining an electron
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Elements with equal number of protons but unequal number of neutrons
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
Electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another
Term
Cation
Definition
Electron is lost=positive charge. Protons outnumber the electrons
Term
Anion
Definition
Electron is gained=negative charge. Electrons outnumber the protons
Term
Covalent bond
Definition
Two or more atoms share electrons. This is the strongest of all bonds
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
Weak bond attraction of oppositely charged parts of a molecule
Term
Compound
Definition
Two or more elements that come together
Term
Inorganic Molecules
Definition
Non based carbon i.e- water, salts and Acids/Bases
Term
Organic Molecules
Definition
Molecules containing carbon
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
Soluble, polar molecules that can dissolve in water
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
Insoluble, non polar molecules that do not dissolve in water
Term
Acids
Definition
Increased concentration of hydrogen ions
Term
Bases
Definition
Increased concentration of hydroxide ions
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Organic compound used for short-term energy consisting of
sugars, glycogen, starches and cellulose
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Two simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
A chain of simple sugars from 10 to 100’s of monosaccharides
Term
Lipids
Definition
Organic, insoluble compound made up of fatty acids, triglycerides,
Phospholipids and glycolipids, and steroids
Term
Proteins
Definition
Long chain of organic carbon based amino acids. Largely responsible
For the structure of the body
Term
Peptide bond
Definition
Removal of water via dehydration synthesis between 2 amino acids
Term
Amino acid
Definition
Monomer of protein. There are 20 amino acids
Term
Polypeptides
Definition
Long chain of amino acids with 4 levels of structures- primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Term
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
Definition
double helix of genetic information made up of Sugar, phosphates and nitrogenous bases
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribonucleic acid- single strand of nucleic acid that relays genetic info to cells
For synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Made up of sugar, phosphates,
And nitrogenous bases
Term
mRNA- messenger RNA
Definition
the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome
Term
tRNA- transfer RNA
Definition
RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome
Term
rRNA ribosomal RNA
Definition
A molecular component of a ribosome, the cell's essential protein factory.fabricates polypeptides
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine triphosphate-chemical energy stored in phosphate bond
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