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Anatomy and Physiology 2010
Vocab words/ flash cards
119
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/21/2013

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Term
homeostasis
Definition
relatively constant internal environment
Term
Anatomy
Definition

"a cutting open"

study of internal and external structures of the body

Term
Physiology
Definition
study of how living organisms perform their vital functions;
function of anatomical structures
Term
medical terminology
Definition

word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining

forms to construct terms related to the body

Term
Gross Anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
Definition

examintation of large structures and features

usually visible with the unaided eye

Term
Organ systems
Definition
groups of organs that function together
Term
embryology
Definition
study of early developmental processes
Term
microscopic anatomy
Definition
structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Term
Cytology
Definition

subdivision of microscopic anatomy

study of internal structure of individual cells

Term
Cell
Definition
Simplest unit of life
Term
Histology
Definition
examination of tissues
Term
tissue
Definition

group of specialized cells and cell products that

work together to perform specfic funtions

Term
organs
Definition

consist of two or more tissues

they combine to form organ systems

Term
organism
Definition
highest level of organization, all organ systems of body work together
Term
human physiology
Definition
study of functions of human body
Term
homeostatic regulation
Definition
adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis
Term
autoregulation (intrinsic regulation)
Definition
part of the body adjusts automatically in response to
some environmental change
Term
Entrinsic regulation
Definition
from activities of the nervous or endocrine system-
control or adjust many systems at once
Term
receptor
Definition
(1) homeostatic regulator
sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change
Term
control center (integration center)
Definition
(2) homeostatic regulator
receives and processes the info supplied by the receptor, sends out commands
Term
effector
Definition
(3) homeostatic regulator
cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center, activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus
Term
positive feedback
Definition
initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in condition
Term
negative feedback
Definition
initial stimulus produces a response that opposes the original change in condition
Term
disease
Definition
when homeostasis mechanisms cannot compensate for whats wrong, internal environment may be pushed outside normal limits, organ systems malfunction
Term
state of equilibrium
Definition
opposing processes or forces are in balance
Term
dynamic equilibrium
Definition
when each physiological system functions to maintain a state of equilibrium that keeps vital conditions within normal limits
Term
Superficial anatomy
Definition
structures on or near the body surface
Term
Anatomical position
Definition
hands at sides, palms facing forward, feet together
Term
supine
Definition
face up
Term
prone
Definition
face down
Term
abdominopelvic quadrants
Definition
four sections formed by a pair imaginary perpendicular lines that intersect at the umbilicus
Term
abdominopelvic regions
Definition
9 regions, moe precise. Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, hypogastric (pubic)
Term
a-, an-
Definition
without
Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
dys-, mal-
Definition
bad, abnormal
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, above normal
Term
hypo-
Definition
under, below normal
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
intra-
Definition
within
Term
poly-
Definition
many
Term
pre-
Definition
before
Term
sub-
Definition
beneath
Term
abdomin
Definition
abdomen
Term
arterio
Definition
artery
Term
cardio
Definition
heart
Term
dors
Definition
back
Term
gastro
Definition
stomach
Term
hemo
Definition
bood
Term
latero
Definition
side
Term
medio
Definition
middle
Term
osteo
Definition
bone
Term
vas
Definition
vessel
Term
-ad
Definition
toward
Term
-al, -ic, -ous
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-gen, -genic
Definition
formation, production
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-logy
Definition
study
Term
-oid
Definition
resemblance to
Term
-oma
Definition
abnormal swelling
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
-scopy
Definition
process of viewing
Term
-ule
Definition
small
Term
cephalic
Definition
head
Term
cranial
Definition
cranium (top of head)
Term
frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
occipital
Definition
back of the head
Term
otic
Definition
ear
Term
facial
Definition
face
Term
orbital, ocular
Definition
eye socket
Term
buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
nasal
Definition
nose
Term
oral
Definition
mouth
Term
mental
Definition
chin
Term
cervical
Definition
neck
Term
thoracic
Definition
chest (thorax)
Term
sternal
Definition
breastbone (sternum)
Term
pectoral
Definition
superficial chest area
Term
mammary
Definition
breast
Term
abdominal
Definition
trunk below diaphragm
Term
umbilical
Definition
navel
Term
coxal
Definition
hips
Term
pubic
Definition
genital region
Term
inguinal
Definition
groin
Term
dorsal
Definition
back
Term
scapular
Definition
shoulder blades
Term
vertebral
Definition
spinal column (vertebrae)
Term
Lumbar
Definition
lower back (loin)
Term
Acromial
Definition
shoulder (deltoid)
Term
axillary
Definition
arm pit
Term
brachial
Definition
upper arm
Term
cubital, olecranal
Definition
elbow
Term
antecubital
Definition
anterior elbow
Term
antebrachial
Definition
forearm
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
manual
Definition
hand (manus)
Term
palmar
Definition
palm of the hand
Term
digital
Definition
fingers (digits)
Term
gluteal
Definition
buttock (gluteus)
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh (femur)
Term
patellar
Definition
knee (patella)
Term
popliteal
Definition
back of the knee
Term
crural
Definition
lower leg
Term
sural
Definition
posterior leg (calf)
Term
fibular (peroneal)
Definition
side of the leg
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle
Term
pedal
Definition
foot
Term
calcaneal
Definition
heel (calcaneous)
Term
plantar
Definition
sole
Term
digital
Definition
toes (digits)
Term
Superior (cranial)
Definition
toward the head end of the upper part of the body
(directional term)
Term
Inferior (caudal)
Definition
toward the lower part of the body
(directional term)
Term
Anterior (ventral)
Definition
toward the front or belly side
(directional term)
Term
Posterior (dorsal)
Definition
toward the back
(directional term)
Term
Medial
Definition
toward the midline
(directional term)
Term
Lateral
Definition
away from midline
(directional term)
Term
Superficial (external)
Definition
toward the surface of the body
(directional term)
Term
Deep (internal)
Definition
away from the surface of the body
(directional term)
Term
Proximal
Definition
toward a structures origin or point of attachment to the trunk
(directional term)
Term
Distal
Definition
away from a structures origin or point of attachment to the trunk
(directional term)
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