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Anatomy and Terminology
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83
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/30/2011

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Term
integumentary system
Definition
skin, hair and nails
Term
endocrine system
Definition
secretes hormones
Term
hormones
Definition
regulates body activities-growth, reproduction, metabolism
Term
homeostasis
Definition
means staying the same-stability
Term
proximal
Definition
nearer to the piont of attachment
Term
distal
Definition
farther away from the piont of attachment
Term
anterior or ventral
Definition
toward the front surface
Term
posterior or dorsal
Definition
toward the back surface
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
divides the body lengthwise R and L portions
Term
frontal plane
Definition
divides the body anterior and posterior
Term
transverse plane
Definition
divides the body horizontally, superior and inferior portions
Term
histology
Definition
the study of tissues
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
loose connective tissue that stores fat
Term
tendons
Definition
attach muscle to bone
Term
ligaments
Definition
attach bone to each other
Term
nervouse tissue
Definition
neurons and neuroglia
Term
parietal
Definition
part of the membrane that covers the walls of the cavity
Term
visceral
Definition
part of the membrane that covers the outside of a cavity
Term
diaphysis
Definition
long shaft of a long bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
the enlarged ends of the bone
Term
total of 206
Definition
number of bones in your body
Term
synovial jionts
Definition
all freely moving joints
Term
tetanus
Definition
sustained muscle contraction
Term
atrophy
Definition
wasting of muscle tissue
Term
nueroglia-glia
Definition
nerve glue-protect nuerons
Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cell that transmits info
Term
sensory-afferent
Definition
carries info toward the CNS from periphery
Term
motor-efferent
Definition
carries info away from CNS to the periphery
Term
cerebrum
Definition
largest part of the brain
Term
brain stem
Definition
consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
Term
emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
meninges
Definition
3 layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord
Term
reflex
Definition
involuntary respones to a stimulus
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
fight or flight part of the ANS
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
feed and breed part of the ANS or resting and digesting
Term
general senses
Definition
pain, touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception
Term
gustation
Definition
taste
Term
4 taste sensations
Definition
bitter, sour, salty, sweet
Term
cerumen
Definition
earwax
Term
tympanic membrane
Definition
eardrum
Term
ossicles
Definition
bones of the middle ear-malleus, incus, stapes
Term
amblyopia
Definition
lazy eye
Term
aldosterone
Definition
mineralcorticoid that plays an important role in the regulation of blood volume and pressure secteted by the adrenal cortex-the salt retainig hormone
Term
insulin
Definition
the only hormone that lowers blood glucose
Term
pineal gland
Definition
conical gland that is the bodys biological clock-secretes melatonin
Term
tetany
Definition
a decrease in PTH resulting in low plasma levels of calcium
Term
plasma
Definition
pale yellow, contains protiens nutrients and waste, prtects body from pathogens
Term
thrombocyte
Definition
platelets-blood clotting
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
large protien molecule in red blood cells
Term
jaundice
Definition
caused by an elevation of bilirubin in the blood-yellow skin
Term
embolus
Definition
traveling blood clot in the blood
Term
type O blood
Definition
universal donor
Term
type AB blood
Definition
universal recipient
Term
septecemia
Definition
blood poisoning
Term
ecchymosis
Definition
a bruise
Term
mediastinum
Definition
space between the lungs cotaining the heart, trachea, thymus, esophagus, and large blood vessels
Term
coronary arteries
Definition
supplies oxygen to the myocardium
Term
systole
Definition
contraction of the myocardium
Term
diastole
Definition
relaxation of the heart
Term
afterload
Definition
refers to resistence or opposition
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
an accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Term
aorta
Definition
the mother of all arteries
Term
vena cava
Definition
the main vein
Term
splanchnic circulation
Definition
blood flow to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines and liver
Term
ischemia
Definition
impared blood flow resulting in tissue damage and death
Term
120/80
Definition
normal BP
Term
capillaries
Definition
exchange vessels
Term
lymph
Definition
clear fluid composed of water, electrolytes, and waste
Term
tonsils
Definition
partially encapsulated lymph nodes
Term
spleen
Definition
largest lymphoid organ
Term
pharynx
Definition
throat
Term
larynx
Definition
vioce box
Term
trachea
Definition
windpipe
Term
atelectasis
Definition
an incomplete expansion of the lung or portion
Term
digestive system
Definition
4 functions-ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
Term
bolus
Definition
ball-like mass of food
Term
chyme
Definition
pastelike mixture of gastric juices and food created in the stomach
Term
duodenum
Definition
where most digestion and absorption takes place
Term
pancreatic enzymes
Definition
the most important of all digestive enzymes
Term
gallbladder
Definition
stores bile
Term
detrusor muscle
Definition
involuntary smooth muscle in the urinary bladder
Term
micturition
Definition
vioding or urination
Term
kideys
Definition
these make urine
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