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Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 1
The Larynx
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2008

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Cards

Term

Biological Functions

of the

Laryngeal System

Definition
  • prevent air escaping fom the lungs
  • keep food out of the air way
  • clearing the throat
  • assist with heavy lifting
Term

Non-Biological functions

of the

Laryngeal System

Definition
  • Speech production
Term

Location and Landmarks

of

The Larynx

Definition
  • thyroid notch
  • hyoid bone
  • trachea
Term

Location and Function

of the

Hyoid Bone

Definition
  • part of the axial skeleton, butnot attached to any other bones in the body
  • Supports tht root of the tongue
  • larynx id suspended from this bone
  • 22-3 muscles attached
  • parts
    • body (corpus)
    • greater hornes (cornua)
    • lesser horner (cornua)
  • location: level with the C3 vertebra
Term

The

Laryngeal Cartilages

Definition
  • 9 total
    • Thyoid cartilage
    • Cricoid cartilage
    • Arytenoid cartilages (2)
    • Corniculate cartilages (2)
    • Eppiglottis
    • Cuneiform cartilages (2)
Term

Thyroid Cartilage

 

Definition
  • largest of the laryngeal cartilages
  • two laminae fused together aling the midline
  • thyroid notch is above the anteior projection of the larynx
  • superior and inferior hornes on the posterior of the thyroid
Term

The

Cricoid Cartilage

Definition
  • composed of hyaline cartilage
  • located directally above the first tracheal ring
  • forms the lower frame work of the larynx
  • Anterior Arch: the front of the larynx
  • Posterior Arch: occupies the space between the posterior margine of the thyroid
  • Diarthrodial joint: joint permitting the cricoid and thyroid cartilages to rotate about an axis
    • aids pitch change
Term

The

Arytenoid Cartilages

Definition
  • paired
  • located on the border of the cricoid cartilages
  • resemble three sided pyramids: base, apex, 3 surfaces
  • muscular process: located on the posterior angle, and extends in the lateral direction
    • articuates with the cricoid process
    • important for laryngeal muscle atteachment
  • vocal process: located on the atnterior angle, and is the point of attachment for the vocal ligament
Term

The

Corniculate Cartilage

Definition
  • small conical elastic cartilages
  • No spicific function in humans
Term

The

Epiglottis

Definition
  • located behind he hyoid bone and the oot of the tongue
  • attached to the thyroid cartilage in the inside, below the thyroid notch
  • prevents food from entering the larynx when swallowing
Term

The

Cuneiform Cartilages

Definition
  • located within the aryepiglottic folds
  • wedg shaped rods
Term

The

Laryngeal Joints

Definition
  • Cricoarytenoid joint
  • Cricothyroid joint
Term

The

Cricoarytenoid Joint

Definition
  •  located between the Cricoid  and  Arytenoid cartilages
  • saddle joint
  • allows for movement between the cataliges
    • cuses the vocal processes to adduct and abduct
  • also plays a role in deep breathing, speech and coughing
Term

The

Cricothyroid Joint

Definition
  • Located between the Cricoid and Thyroid joints
  • allows either the cicoid orthyroid cartilages to move
  • rotation changes the tention of the vocal folds, and thus the pitch of voice
Term

Laryngeal Membranes and

Ligaments

Definition
  • Extrinsic
    • Hyothyroid
    • hyoepiglottic
    • Cricotracheal
  • Intrinsic
    • conus elasticus
    • quadangular
Term

Extrinsic Membranes and Ligaments

of

The Larynx

Definition
  • Hyothyroid
    • located between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage
  • Hyoepiglottic
    • located between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis
  • Criotrcheal
    • located between teh Crico cartilage and the first tracheal ring
Term

Intrinsic Membranes and Ligaments

of

the Larynx

Definition
  • Conus elasticus
    • located betweent he superior border of the arch and the lamina of the cicoid catilage to the upper limmits of the true vocal folds
    • bounded by the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilges
  • Qudrangular membrane
    • located between the aryepiglottic folds and the false (venticular) vocal folds
Term
What lines the innermost surface of the larynx?
Definition
  • mucous membranes, cilia to keep things moving uppward, airway protection

Term
The Aditus
Definition
The opening into the larynx
Term
The vestibule 
Definition

The space between the aditus and the false vocal folds (ventricular folds)

Term
The ventricle
Definition
The space between the true and false vocal folds
Term
The Glottis
Definition

 The space between the two true vocal folds 

Term
The Vocal Folds
Definition
  • close together
  •  vibrate to create a voice
  • open in the back when we are vibrating
Term
Supraglottal
Definition
Above the glottis
Term
Subglottal
Definition
Below the glottis
Term
Aryepiglottic folds
Definition
  • enclose the additus
  • generaly open
  • house the cuneiform cartilages

Term

Extrinsic Muscles

of the

Larynx

Definition
  • have one mscle attachment outside of the larynx
  • they suport and fix the larynx
  • Sternohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Term
Sternothyroid Muscle
Definition
  • Origin: the posterior surface of teh manubrium of the sternum
  • Insertion: the obique line of the thyoid cartilage
  • Function: provides some pull to hold the larynx in its downward position
Term
Thyrohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • Origin: the oblique tendon or line of the thyroid
  • Insertion: the lower boarder of the greater horn of the hyoid
  • Function: decrease the distance between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone
Term
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Definition
  • extends from the bse of the skull to the lower boarder of the cricoid, where ti becomes continuous with the esophagus
  • play a role in swallowing
  • forms an impotant esonating cavity of he vocal mechanism
Term
Supplamenal Laryngeal Muscles
Definition
  • Suprahyoid muscles: laryngeal elevators
    • Digastric
    • Stylohyoid
    • Mylohyoid
    • Geniohyoid
    • Hyoglossus
    • Genioglossus
  • Inferior Laryngel Muscles: laryngeal depressors
    • Sternohyoid
    • Omohyoid
Term
Digastric Muscle
Definition
  • origin: hyoid bone
  • insertion: two bellies: attach to the mandible and the
  • function: moves larynx in and upward direction
Term
Stylohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • origin: Styloid process on the temporal bone
  • insertion:hyoid bone
  • function: move uppward and backward
Term
Mylohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • origin: the boney ridge along the inside of the mandible
  • insertion: hyoid bone
  • function: can elevate the hyoid bone, floor of the mouth, and tongue
  • plays an important role in chewing and swallowing
Term
Geniohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • Origin: the lower portion of the mentl symphasis
  • Insertion: the anterior surface of the body of teh hyoid bone
  • Function: pulls the hyid upward and forward
Term
Hyoglossus Muscle
Definition
  • extrinsic muscle of the tongue
  • Function: may influance the larynx
Term
Genioglossus Muscle
Definition
  • extrinsic muscle of the tongue
  • Function: may influance the larynx
Term
Sternohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • Origin: Sternum
  • Insertion: Hyoid bone
  • Function: moves the larynx downward
Term
Omohyoid Muscle
Definition
  • Origin: scapular
  • Insertion: hyoid bone
  • two pieces
  • Function: lower the larynx
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