Term
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Definition
| large rounded projection; may be roughened |
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Definition
| narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent |
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Definition
| very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process |
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Definition
| narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest |
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Definition
| small rounded projection of process |
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Definition
| raised area on or above a condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| sharp, slender, often pointed projection |
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Definition
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Definition
| bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
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Definition
| smooth, nearly flat articular surface |
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Definition
| rounded articular projection |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| round or oval opening through a bone |
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Definition
| indentation at the edge of a structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
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Term
| supraorbital foramen (notch) |
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Definition
| opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass |
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Term
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Definition
| midline articulation point of the two parietal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| divided in to four major parts: 1. squamous region 2. tympanic region 3. mastoid region 4. petrous region |
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Term
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Definition
| most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with kerain. glycolipids in extracellular space |
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Term
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Definition
| three to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules |
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Term
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Definition
| several laters of keratinocytes unified by desmosome. cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin |
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Term
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Definition
| deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers |
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Term
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Definition
| cover the bone ends at movable joints |
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Term
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Definition
| found connecting the ribs to the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| largely construct the larynx |
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Term
| tracheal and bronchial cartilages |
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Definition
| reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| support the external nose |
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Term
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Definition
| separate and cushion bones of the spine (verterbrae) |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of dense connective tissue covering each cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give." most skeletal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, and it tolerates repeated bending better. only the cartilages of the external ear and the epiglottis (which flops over and covers the larynx when we swallow) are elastic cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers. Fibrocartilage, which has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression, is used to construct the intervertebral discs and the cartilages within the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
| first zone in the growth of bone, it is where cartilage cells undergo mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| second zone in bone growth, older cartilage cells enlarge |
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Term
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Definition
| third stage in bone growth, matrix becomes calcified; cartillage cells die; matrix begins deteriorating |
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Term
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Definition
| the fourth stage in bone growth, its the stage where new bone formation is occuring |
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
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Definition
| uses hyaline cartilage "bones" as patterns for bone formation |
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Term
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Definition
| bones are joined by fibrous tissue, some are slightly movable, most are synarthrotic and permit virtually no movement |
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Term
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Definition
| the articulating bones are connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue; the bones do not interlock |
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Term
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Definition
| which a tooth is secured in a bony socket by the periodontal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between the two bones |
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Term
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Definition
| movement that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones, or parts of the body; the opposite of flexion (if extension is greater than 180 degrees, it is termed hyperextension |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a limb toward the midline of the body or drawing the fingers or toes together; opposite of abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement. also describes the movement of the atlas around odontoid process of the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly observed in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward-facing position. the distal end of the radius moves across the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position; the opposite of pronation. during supination, the radius and ulna are parallel |
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Term
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Definition
| movement that results in the medial turning of sole of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
| movement that results in the lateral turning of the sole of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the ankle joint in a dorsal direction |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward |
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Term
| Skull: articulating bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| Cranial and facial bones, fibrous; suture, and synarthrotic (no movement) |
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Term
| Temporo-mandibular joint: articulating bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| temporal bone of skull and mandible, synovial; modified hinge(contains articular disc), and diarthrotic; gliding and unaxial rotation; slight lateral movement, elevation, depression ect. |
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Term
| atlanto-occipital joint: bones, structural type and functional type |
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Definition
| occipital bone of skull and atlas, synovial;condyloid, and diarthrotic; biaxial; flexion, circumduction of head of neck |
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Term
| atlantoaxial joint: bones, structural type, and fuctional type |
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Definition
| atlas and axis. synovial; pivot, and diarthrotic; unaxial; rotation of the head |
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Term
| intervertebral joint (inferior to atlantoaxial): bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| between adjacent vertebral bodies. cartilaginous; symphysis, and amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) |
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Term
| intervertebral joint (inferior to first intervertebral joint): bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| between articular processes, synovial;plane, and diarthrotic; gliding |
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Term
| vertebrocostal joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| vertebrae (transverse process and ribs), synovial;plane, diarthrotic;gliding |
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Term
| sternoclavicular joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| sternum and clavicle, synovial;shallow saddle(contains articular disc), diarthrotic; multiaxial (allows clavicle to move in all axes) |
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Term
| sternalcostal (first) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| sternum and rib 1, cartilaginous;synchondrosis, synarthrotic; no movement |
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Term
| sternal costal (not first) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| sternum and ribs 2-7, synovial; double plane, and diarthrotic; gliding |
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Term
| acromioclavicular joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| acromion of scapula and clavicle, synovial; plane(contains articular disc), and diarthrotic; gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle |
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Term
| shoulder (glenohumeral) joint: bones, structural type, functional type |
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Definition
| scapula and humerus, synovial; ball and socket, and diarthrotic; multiaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction ect. |
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Term
| elbow joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| ulna (and radius) with humerus, synovial; hinge, and diarthrotic; unaxial |
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Term
| radiounlar (proximal) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| radius and ulna, synovial; pivot, and diarthrotic; unaxial |
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Term
| radioulnar (distal) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| radius and ulna, synovial; pivot (contains articular disc), and diarthrotic; unaxial |
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Term
| wrist (radiocarpal) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| radius and proximal carpals, synovial; condyloid, and diarthrotic; biaxial |
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Term
| intercarpal joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| adjacent carpals, synovial; plane, and diarthrotic; gliding |
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Term
| carpometacarpal of digit 1 (thumb) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal 1, synovial;saddle, and diarthrotic; biaxial; movements=flexion, extension, abduction, adduction ect. |
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Term
| carpometacarpal of digits 2-5 joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| carpal(s) and metacarpal(s), synovial; plane, and diarthrotic; gliding of metacarpals |
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Term
| metacapophalangeal (knuckle) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| metacarpal and proximal phalanx, synovial; condyloid, and diarthrotic; biaxial |
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Term
| interphalangeal (finger) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| adjacent phalanges, synovial; hinge, and diarthrotic; unaxial |
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Term
| sacroiliac joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| sacrum and coxal bone, synovial; place, and diarthrotic; slight gliding possibility, little movement |
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Term
| pubic symphysis joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| pubic bones, cartilaginous; symphysis, and amphiarthrotic; slight movement (enhanced in pregnancy) |
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Term
| coxal (hip) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| hip bone and femur, synovial; ball and socket, and diarthrotic; multiaxial; abduction and adduction |
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Term
| tibiofemoral (knee) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| femur and tibia, synovial; modified hinge (contains articular discs), and diarthrotic; multiaxial; extension |
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Term
| femoropatellar (knee) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| femur and patella, synovial; plane, and diarthrotic; gliding of fibula |
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Term
| tibiofibular (proximal) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| tibia and fibula (proximally), synovial; plane, diarthrotic; gliding of fibula |
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Term
| tibiofibular (distal) joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| tibia and fibula (distally), fibrous; syndesmosis, and dynarthrotic; slight "give" during dorsiflexion |
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Term
| ankle joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| tibia and fibula with talus, synovial; hinge, and diarthrotic; unaxial; dorsiflexion |
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Term
| intertarsal joint: bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| adjacent tarsals, synovial; plane, diarthrotic; gliding; inversion and eversion of foot |
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Term
| tarsometatarsal joint; bones, structural type, and functional type |
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Definition
| tarsals and metatarsals, synovial; plane, and diarthrotic; gliding of metatarsals |
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