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Anatomy and Physiology Midterm
Midterm review
66
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/02/2009

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Term
Myology
Definition
study of structure and function of muscles
Term
Arthrology
Definition
study of structure and function of joints
Term
Angiology
Definition
study of structure and function of blood vessels and lymph system
Term
Ribosome:
Definition
Site of protein production
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Definition
A flattened membrane forming a series of channels. Protein manufacturing and folding.
Term
Golgi Apparatus:
Definition
flattened membrane forming a series of channels. Sort and packages protein molecules for secretion out of the cell.
Term
Mitochondria:
Definition
Powerhouse of the cell. Consumes glucose and oxygen to produce ATP.
Term
Ectoderm:
Definition
outer germ layer
gives rise to NS, epithelium, hair, nails, mammary glands, and enamel of teeth
Term
Mesoderm:
Definition
middle germ layer
will develop into connective tissue, striated & cardiac muscle, blood cells, spleen, kidneys, and gonads
Term
Endoderm:
Definition
Inner germ layer
gives rise to epithelium of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, various glands, the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, epithelial lining of tympanic cavity and auditory tube
Term
Plexus
Definition
collection of axons in the PNS
Term
Sternal Head
Definition
Origen: Xiphoid process
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
Costal Head
Definition
Origen: inferior margin of ribs 7-12
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
Vertebral head
Definition
Origen: corpus of L1, transverse process of L1-L5
Insertion: sup-medial to central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5 cervical plexus
Function: depress central tendon, enlarge thorax
Term
External intercostal
Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: infer. - ant. on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs
Term
Interchondral (parasternal) portion of the Internal intercostal
Definition
Origen: inf. surface of ribs
Insertion: inf. -lateral on immediately inferior rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves originating from T2-T11
Function: elevate ribs
Term
Levatores Costarum Brevis
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C7-T11
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the immediate rib
Innervation: T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 1-2
Term
Levatores Costarum Longis
Definition
Origen: transverse process of T7-T10
Insertion: Obliquely inferior-lateral to the subsequent rib
Innervation:T2-T3 intercostal nerves
Function: elevate ribs 9-12
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior
Definition
Origen: Spinous process of C7, T1-T3
Insertion: inferior-laterally to ribs 2-5
Innervation: Intercostal portion of Spinal nerves T1-T4 or T5
Function: elevate ribs 2-5
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
Origen: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: inferior-medially to the sternum and clavicle
Innervation: CN XI (assessory) arising from C2-C4
Function: elevate sternum/ribs
Term
Scalenus anterior
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C3-C6
Insertion: inferiorly to rib 1
Innervation: Spinal nerves C4-C6
Function: elevate rib1
Term
Scalenus medius
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C2-C7
Insertion: inferiorly to rib1
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C4, Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 1
Term
Scalenus posterior
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C5-C7
Insertion: inferiorily to rib2
Innervation: Spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevate rib 2
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Origen: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: lateral to humerus
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates sternum
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Origen: chondral border of ribs 2-5
Insertion: superior laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C4-C7, T1
Function: elevates ribcage
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-9, lateral surface of thorax
Insertion: superior-dorsally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5-C7
Function: Elevates ribs 1-9
Term
Subclavius
Definition
Origen: clavicle
Insertion: inferior medially to chondral margin of rib 1
Innervation: Brachial Plexus C5, C6
Function: elevates rib 1
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C5
Function: elevates scapula
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Origen: spinous process of C2-T12
Insertion: lateral to scapula and clavicle
Innervation: XI assessory
Function: elongates neck
Term
Rhomboideus Major
Definition
Origen: spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilizes pectoral girdle
Term
Rhomboideus Minor
Definition
Origen: spinous process of C7 & T1
Insertion: Inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Brachial plexus C5
Function: stabilized pectoral girdle
Term
) Internal Intercostal, interosseos portion
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal Nerves, T2-T11
Function: Depress ribs 1-11
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Origen: transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: inferior-laterally to scapula
Innervation: Cervical plexus C3-C5
Function: elevates scapula
Term
Transversus Thoracic
Definition
Origen: sternum
Insertion: laterally to chondral surface of ribs 2-6
Innervation: Intercostal nerve derived from T2-T12
Function: Depress rib cage
Term
Innermost intercostal (Instercostales intimi)
Definition
Origen: ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior-laterally to immediate rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves arising from T2-T11
Function: depress ribs 1-11
Term
Serratus posterior inferior
Definition
Origen: spinous process of T11, T12, L1-L3
Insertion: superior laterally to ribs 7-12
Innervation: intercostal nerves from T9-T11, subcostal from T12
Function: depress rib cage
Term
Subcostal
Similar to intercostal, but posterior
Definition
Origen: posterior rib
Insertion: inferior medial to 2nd or 3rd preceding rib
Innervation: Intercostal nerves
Function: Depress Thorax
Term
Transverse abdominis
Definition
Origen: posterior thoracolumbar fascia of abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: lateral to ribs 6-12, transverse abdominal aponeurosis, pubis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: compress abdomen
Term
Internal oblique abdominis
Definition
Origen: inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: fans medially to lower ribs, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: spinal intercostal, T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation
Term
External oblique abdominis
Definition
Origen: lower 7 ribs
Insertion: fans inferiorly to iliac crest, inguinal ligament, abdominal aponeurosis
Innervation: T7-T12
Function: trunk rotation (unilateral contraction), vertebral extension (bilateral contraction)
Term
Rectus abdominis
Definition
Origen: pubis
Insertion: superiorly to xiphoid process, chondral portion if ribs 5-7
Innervation: intercostal nerves, T7-T11
Function: Flexion of vertebral column
Term
Spirometer
Definition
Device for measuring lung volumes
Term
Pneumatochograph
Definition
used to measure airflow
Term
Plethysmograph
Definition
suit monitors the movements of both the abdomen and ribcage
Term
Magnetomete
Definition
is two coils of wire which generate an electromagnetic field
Term
Laryngomalacia
Definition
soft immature epiglottis collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction
Term
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Definition
Origen: superior-lateral cricoid
Insertion: superior-posterior to muscular process of arytenoid
Innervation: recurrent laryngeal branch of Cranial Nerve X (vagus)
Function: adducts vocal folds
Term
Transverse arytenoid
Definition
Origen: lateral margin of posterior arytenoid
Insertion: medial to lateral posterior margin of contralateral arytenoid
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: adducts vocal folds
Term
Oblique arytenoid
Definition
Origen: posterior base of muscular process
Insertion: oblique-superior to apex of contralateral arytenoid
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: adducts vocal folds
Term
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Definition
Origen: posterior cricoid lamina
Insertion: oblique-superior to contralateral arytenoid
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: pulls apex medially & abducts vocal folds
Term
Cricothyroid
Definition
2 Origen:
(1) Pars recta: anterior cricoid
(2) Pars oblique: lateral to pars recta
Insertion:
(1) superior-laterally to inferior thyroid lamina
(2) oblique-superior to medial thyroid lamina
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: Depress thyroid, increases tension on vocal folds
Term
Thyrovocalis (medial thyroarytenoid)
Definition
Origen: thyroid notch
Insertion: posterior to arytenoid vocal process
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: tenses vocal folds
Term
Thyromuscularis
Definition
Origen: lateral thyroid notch
Insertion: posterior to arytenoid muscular process
Innervation: RLB of CN X
Function: relaxes vocal folds
Term
Superior thyroarytenoid
Definition
Origen: thyroid angle
Insertion: posterior to muscular process of arytenoid
Innervation: RLB of CNX
Function: relaxes vocal folds
Term
Thyroepiglottic
Definition
Origen: thyroid angle
Insertion: posterior–superior to lateral epiglottis
Innervation: RLB of CNX
Function: dilates vestibule
Term
Aryepiglottic
Definition
Origen: arytenoid apex
Insertion: posterior-superior lateral epiglottis
Innervation: RLB of CNX
Function: constricts vestibule
Term
Digastricus anterior and posterior
Definition
Origen:
(a) Inner mandible
(p) Mastoid process
Insertion: inferior-medial to hyoid
Innervation:
(a) Alveolar nerve (a mandibular branch of CN V)
(p) Digastric branch of CN VII
Function:
(a) Elevates hyoid anteriorly
(p) Elevates hyoid posteriorly
Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
Origen: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: inferior medial to hyoid corpus
Innervation: Digastric branch of CN VII
Function: elevates hyoid
Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
Origen: medial surface of mandible
Insertion: fans to median fibrous raphe & hyoid
Innervation: Alveolar nerve
Function: elevates hyoid
Term
Geniohyoid
Definition
Origen: medial surface of mandible
Insertion: posterior-inferior to corpus of hyoid
Innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
Function: elevates hyoid
Term
Hyoglossus
Definition
Origen: lateral tongue
Insertion: inferior to hyoid greater cornu
Innervation: CN XII
Function: elevates hyoid
Term
Genioglossus
Definition
Origen: medial surface of mandible
Insertion: superior-posterior to tongue and corpus of hyoid
Innervation: CN XII
Function: elevates hyoid
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
Origen: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: superior to corpus of hyoid
Innervation: Spinal C1-C3
Function: depress hyoid
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
Origen:
(superior belly) corpus hyoid
(inferior belly) scapula
Insertion: hyoid
Innervation: Spinal C1- C3
Function: depress hyoid
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
Origen: Thyroid oblique line
Insertion: inferior-medial to manubrium sterni
Innervation: CNXII and, Spinal C1, C2
Function: depress hyoid
Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
Origen: Thyroid oblique line
Insertion: superior to hyoid greater cornu
Innervation: CNXII and Spinal C1
Function: depress hyoid
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