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Anatomy and Physiology II
Flash cards for NMC A&PII class 2010
8
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/18/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the 6 main functions of the skeletal sysem.
Definition
1.  
Support. Serves as the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for the tendons of most skeletal muscles.
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2.  
Protection. Protects the most important internal organs from injury.
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3.  
Assistance in movement. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones; when they contract, they pull on bones to produce movement.
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4.  
Mineral homeostasis (storage and release). Stores several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, which contribute to the strength of bone. Bone tissue stores about 99% of the body's calcium. On demand, bone releases minerals into the blood to maintain critical mineral balances (homeostasis) and to distribute the minerals to other parts of the body.
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5.  
Blood cell production. Within certain bones, a connective tissue called red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a process called hemopoiesis (hēm-ō-poy-Ē-sis; hemo- = blood; poiesis- = making).  It is present in developing bones of the fetus and in some adult bones, such as the hip bones, ribs, breastbone, vertebrae (backbones), skull, and ends of the bones of the arm and thigh.
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6.  
Triglyceride storage. Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides. The stored triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve. In a newborn, all bone marrow is red and is involved in hemopoiesis. With increasing age, much of the bone marrow changes from red to yellow.

Term
Diaphysis (growing between)
Definition
Bone shaft- long, cylindrical main portion of bone
Term
Epiphyses (growing over)
Definition
Proximal and distal ends of bone
Term
Metaphyses (between)
Definition
Regions between diaphysis and epiphyses. In growing bone each metaphyses contains an epiphyseal (growth) plate.
Term
Epiphyseal Plate
Definition

Layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

 

Term
Epiphyseal Line
Definition
When a bone ceases to grow the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone.
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone.

 

Term
Periosteum (peri = round)
Definition

Surrounds the external bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage.

Composed of an outer fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue and an inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells.

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