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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
05/08/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Epicranius: Frontalis & Occipitalis

Definition

Origin: Connected by galea aponeurotica

 

Action: Front:Raises the eyebrows

Occip: Draws scalp posteriorly

Term

 

Orbicularis oculi

Definition

Origin: Circular muscle around eye

 

Action:Blinks and closes eyes

Term

 

Corrugator Supercilli

Definition

Origin: Below eyebrow

 

Action: Draws eyebrow inferiorly (Frown)

Term

 

Buccinator

Definition

Origin: Mandible/maxilla to skin around mouth

 

Action: Flattens cheek against teeth

Term

 

Mentalis

Definition

Origin: V Shaped rectus at chin

 

Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (Pouting)

Term

 

Obicularis Oris

Definition

Origin: Skin around mouth

 

Action:Closes and protrudes lips (kissing)

Term

 

Zygomaticus

Definition

Origin: Major+minor

Zygomatic bone to obicularis oris

Action: Raises corner of mouth upward (Smiling)

Term

 

Levator Labii Inferioris

Definition

Origin: Rectus orientation, deep beneath platysma, on each side of mentalis.

 

Action: Depresses lower lip (pout)

Term

 

Depressor Anguli

Definition

Origin: Small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris

 

Action: Draws corners of mouth downward (Pout)

Term

 

Risorius

Definition

Origin: Longitudinal, superior to platysma; fascia by ears to skin at mouth angle.

 

Action: Draws mouth laterally (tension)

Term

 

Platysma

Definition

Origin: Fascia of chest to lower border of mandible

Action: Draws lower lip back & down, tenses skin of neck

Term

 

Masseter

Definition

Origin: Zygomatic arch to lateral & angle of mandible

Action: Closes jaw


Term

 

Temporalis

Definition

Origin: Temporal, frontal, parietal bone to coronoid process of mandible

 

Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

Term

 

Buccinator

Definition

Origin: Mandible/maxilla to skin around mouth.

 

Action: Flattens cheek against teeth

Term

 

Sternocleidomastoid

Definition

Origin: Manubrium/clavicle to temporal mastoid process

 

Action: Turns head to side and flexes neck

 

Term

 

Splenius Capitis

Definition

Origin: Broad muscle deep to trapezius

 

Action: Extends and hyperextends the head and neck

Term

 

Semispinalis Capitis

Definition

 

Paired deep neck muscles that extend the head

Term

 

Diaphragm 

Definition

Origin: Xyphoid process,  ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae to central tendon


Action: Contracts for inspiration

 

***Prime Mover for respiration

 

Term

 

External Intercostals

Definition

Origin: Outer rib muscles; inferior border of upper rib to superior border of lower rib

 

Action: Elevates ribs

Term

 

Internal Intercostals

Definition

Origin: Inner rib muscles, superior border of lower rib to inferior border of upper rib

 

Action: Depress Ribs

Term

 

Exterior Abdominal Oblique

Definition

 Superficial of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

Origin: Ribs 5-12 to pubic and iliac crest and linea alba

Action: compress abdomen, trunk rotation, lateral truck flexion

Term

 

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Definition

Origin: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament; to linea alba and ribs 9-12

Action: Inverted “V”

Compresses, trunk rotation, lateral trunk, flexion

Term

 

Transversus Abdomen

Definition

Origin: Illiact crest, lumbar fascia and inguinal ligament, ribs 7-12, to linea alba, pubis.

 

Action: Compress le abs

Term

 

Rectus Abdominis

Definition

Origin: Long, anterior, medial straplike muscle enclosed in fibrous shealth from the aponeuroses of the other 3 muscles; pubic crest and abdomen; to xiphoid process and ribs 5-7

Action:Compress, Flex, "Sit up" Area

 

Term

 

Rectus Abdominis

Definition

Origin:Antagonistic to posterior trunk muscles

 

Action: Flexes trunk

Term

 

Erector Spinae

Muscle groups

Definition

Prime mover of back extension!

Illiocostallis (lateral)

Longissiumus (Intermediate)

Spinalis (Medial)

Origin: Sacrum to the skull

Action: Extends the trunk


Quadratuslumborum: Origin:Posterior, deep muscle; illium to lumbar vert. Action:Extend lumbar

Laterally flexes

Term

 

Serratus Anterior

Definition

Boxer's Muscle (Fan Shaped)

Prime Mover in punching, throwing and pushing!!!

Origin: Ribs 1-8 to superior scapula

Action: Rotates and protracts

Term

 

Pectoralis minor

Definition

Origin: Ribs 3-5 to the corocoid process of scapula

 

Action: Synergistic to serratus major

Term

 

Trapezius

Definition

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7 and all Thoracic verterbrae; to scapula spine, acromion and clavicle.

Action:  Elevates

Depresses

Adducts scapula

Extends head

Term

 

Levator Scapulae

Definition

Origin: C1-C4 transverse process; to medial scapula border

 

Action: Elevates scapula

Term

 

Major and  Minor Rhomboids

Definition

Paddling Muscles

Origin: Lower ligamentum nuchae, C7, T1-T5 spines; to medial scapula

 

Action: elevate and adduct scapula

 

Term

 

Pectoralis Major

Definition

Prime mover of arm flexion!

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6; to humerus greater turbercle

 

Action: Flex, adducts, rotates humerus laterally

Term

 

Latissimus Dorsi

Definition

Rower's Muscle

Inferior to Trapezius

Origin: T7-L5 spines, iliac crest, ribs 8-12, inferior scapula; to humerus intertubecular groove

Action: Extend, adduct, rotates humerus medially.

Term

 

Deltoid

Definition

Prime mover of arm adduction!

Origin: Scapular spine, acromion and clavicle; to humerus deltoid tuberosity

 

Action: Adducts, extends, flexes, and rotates humerus

Term

 

Supra Spinatus

Definition

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: Supraspinous fossa; to humerus greater turbercle

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates humerus

Term
Infra Spinatus
Definition

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: infraspinous fossa; to greater turbercle

Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Synergistic*

Term

 

Subscapularis

Definition

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: subscapular fossa; to lesser turbecle

Action: Rotates humerus medially

Antagonistic*

Term

 

Teres Minor

Definition

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: Lateral muscle; to greater turbercle

Action: rotate humerus laterally

Synergistic

Term

 

Teres Major

Definition

Origin: Scapula inferior angle; to lesser turbecle

 

Action: extends and adducts humerus laterally

Term

 

Coracobrachialis

Definition

Origin: Scapula corocoid process; to medial humerus shaft

 

Action: Adducts and flexes humerus

Term

 

Biceps Branchii

Definition

Prime mover of forearm flexion!

 

Origin: Scapular coracoid process and upper glenoid cavity; to radial tuberosity

 

Action: Flexes and supinates forearm

Term

 

Branchialis

Definition

Deep to biceps branchii on distal humerus

 

Origin: anterior humerus; to ulnar coronoid process

 

Action: Flex elbow

Synergistic*

Term

 

Brachioradialis

Definition

Muscle of lateral forearm

Origin: distal, lateral humerus; to near radial styloid process

Action: Flex elbow 

Synergistic

Term
Triceps Branchii
Definition

on posterior arm

Origin: Inferior glenoid cavity and post. humerus; to ulnar olecranon process

Action: extends forearm (PRIME MOVER)

Antagonistic

Term

 

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Definition

Inserts: Carpals and metacarpals

Action: Flex and adducts hand

Term

 

Palmaris Longus

Definition

Inserts: Palmar aponeurosis

Action: weak wrist flexor

Term

 

 

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Definition

Insert: base 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

 

Action: Flexes and adbducts hand

Term

Pronator Teres
Definition

Origin: Med. epicondyle, ulnar coronoid process; to lateral radius

 

Action: Pronates forearm and hand

Term

 

Posterior Extensors of Hand

Definition
Most all originate on humerus lateral epicondyle (medial to lateral)
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition

Inserts: 5th metacarpal

Action: Extends and adducts hand

Term
Extensor digiti minimi
Definition

(Lateralis in cat)

Inserts: 5th phalange

Action: extends 5th digit and hand

Term
Extensor digitorum
Definition

(Communis in Cat)

Insert: Phalanges 2-5

Action: Extends hand and phalanges

Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis (longus and Brevis)
Definition

Origin: lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge

Action:extend and abduct wrist

Term
Anterior Hip
Definition
Thigh Flexors
Term

 

Illiopsoas

Definition

iliacus + psoas

Origin: ilium & lumbar vertebrae; to femur lesser trochanter

Action: prime mover of thigh flexion, also flexes trunk

Term

 

Sartorius

Definition

Origin: anterior sup. iliac spine; to proximal medial tibia

Action: flex and abducts hip, rotates thigh laterally (allows crossed legs)

Term
Lateral Hip and Buttocks
Definition

 

Mostly thigh extensors and abductors

 

Term

 

Gluteus Maximus

Definition

Stair stepper muscle

Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx; to femur gluteal turberosity and iliotibial tract

 

Action: extends, abducts and rotates thigh laterally

Term

 

Gluteus Medius and minimus

Definition

Origin: lateral ilium; to femur greater trochanter

 

Action: Abduct and rotate thigh medially

Term

 

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Definition

Origin: ant. iliac crest and ant. sup. spine; to iliotibial tract

 

Action: Abducts and rotate thigh medially (synergistic)

Term

 

 

Lateral Thigh Rotators

Definition

Surround the hip jointl most rotate the thigh laterally; includes:

Piriforms

obturators

Gemelli 

Quadratus Femoris

Term

 

Medial Thigh Muscle

Definition

Thigh Adductors

"Thigh master" muscles

Term

 

 

Gracilis

Definition

Origin: Lower pubis; to proximal medial tibia

 

Action: Adduct thigh

Term

 

Pectineus

Definition

Origin: Pubis; to post proximal femur

 

Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

Term

 

Adductor longus and brevis

Definition

Origin: Near pubic symphysis; to femur linea aspera

 

Action: Adducts and medially rotate thigh

Term

 

Adductor Magnus

Definition

Origin: inferior to ishium and pubis; to linea aspera

 

Action: adduct, flexes and medially rotate thigh

Term

 

Quadricep Femoris

Definition

4 muscle groups that all insert via quadriceps tendon on the patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: all extend the knee

Term

 

Rectus Femoris

Definition

Origin: ant. inf. iliac spine and acetabulum

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Term

 

Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius

Definition
Origin: proximal femur (intermediate is deep to rectus femoris)
Term

 

Biceps Femoris

Definition

Origin: Two origins ishial turberosity & linea aspera, and fibula head and tibia lateral condyle

 

Action: Flex knee and laterally rotate thigh

Term

 

Semi Tendinosis

Definition

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; to tibia medial condyle

 

Action: Flex knee, and medially rotates thigh

Term

 

Popliteus

Definition

Origin: Femur lat. condyle; to proximal tibia

 

Action: Unlocks knee to allow flexion

Term

 

Tibialis Anterior

Definition

Origin: Proximal lateral tibia; to 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform

Action: Prime mover of foot dorsi flexion, and invert foot

Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Definition

Origin: Tibia lateral condyle and fibula; to phalanges II-V

 

Action: Dorsi flexes and everts foot, extends digits II-V

Term

 

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

Definition

Origin: Head and proximal fibula; to 1st cuneiform and metatarsal

 

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot

Term

 

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

Definition

Origin: Distal Fibula; to 5th cuneiform

Action: Plantar flexes and evert foot

 

Term

 

 

Gastrocnemius

Definition

Origin: Two heads on lateral and medial femur condyles; to post calcaneous via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Action: Prime mover of foot plantar flexion, weak knee flexor

Term

 

 

Soleus

Definition

deep to gastroc

Origin: head of tibia and fibula; to post. calcaneous via calcaneal (achilles tendon) 

Action: Plantar flexes foot (gastrocnemius and soleus are called the triceps surae)

Term

 

 

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Definition

Origin: posterior tibia; to phalanges II-V;

 

Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes distal phalanges

Term

 

 

Tibialis Posterior

Definition

Origin: proximal tibia and fibula; to navicular, cuneiforms, ,metatarsals II-IV

Action: plantar flexes and invert foot and supports arches

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