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Anatomy Amdominal Organ Overview
KYCOM Block 2
156
Anatomy
Graduate
09/09/2012

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Term
where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm
Definition
T10 slightly to the left of the midline
Term
where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea and liver
Definition
posterior
Term
in which of the 9 regions is the stomach located
Definition
left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical
Term
what are the orifaces of the stomach
Definition
cardial, pyloric
Term
where is the cardial oriface
Definition
between the stomach and esophagus
Term
where is the pyloric oriface
Definition
between the stomach and the duodenum
Term
describe the physical curvature of the stomach
Definition
the left is more curved than the right
Term
where does the small intestine begin
Definition
at the pyloric oriface
Term
where does the small intestine end
Definition
at the ileocecal junction
Term
what is the ileocecal junction, what quadrent is it in
Definition
where the small and large intestines join, in the right lower quadrant
Term
what are the parts of the small intestine
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
where is the duodenum located and in what regions
Definition
deep to the peritoneal sac in the epigastric and umbilical
Term
describe the shape of the duodenum, what does it surround
Definition
it is C shaped and surrounds the head of the pancreas
Term
where does the duodenum begin
Definition
pyloric oriface
Term
where does the duodenum end
Definition
duodenojejunal flexure (junction)
Term
what is the duodenojejunal flexure
Definition
the joining point of the duodenum and the jejunum
Term
what are the parts of the duodenum
Definition
superior (1), descending (2), horizontal or transverse (3), ascending (4)
Term
what is the difference between the jejunum and illeul and the duodenum
Definition
the jejunum and ileum are more mobile
Term
where does the jejunum begin
Definition
the duodenojejunal flexure
Term
what is the ileocecal junction
Definition
where the ileum ends and joins the large intestines
Term
what divides the jejunum and ileum
Definition
there is no sharp boundray, just a gradual transition
Term
describe the proportions and locations of the jejunum and ileum
Definition
jejunum is the proximal upper left 2/5 40%, the ileum is the distal lower right 2/5 60%
Term
where is the jejunum located
Definition
the upper part of the infracolic compartment
Term
where is the ileum located
Definition
the lower part of the infracolic compartment and some of the pelvis
Term
where is the large intestine located in reference to the small intestine
Definition
it arches around and encloses the jejunum and ileum
Term
what are the parts of the large intestine
Definition
cecym, vermaiform apendix, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Term
where is the cecum located
Definition
in the right inguinal region inferior to the ileocecal junction
Term
describe the cecum
Definition
a blind ended sac
Term
where is the appenxid located
Definition
originates from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum
Term
describe the appendix
Definition
a small blind ended tube
Term
where does the ascending colon begin
Definition
the ileocecal junction
Term
what is the hepatic or colic flexure
Definition
where the ascending colon bends to become the transverse on the right side of the body
Term
describe the shape of the transverse colon
Definition
a U from right to left in the body and lies some on the small intestines
Term
where does the transverse colon begin
Definition
right colic flecture
Term
where does the transverse colon end
Definition
left colic or splenic flexure
Term
where does the decending colon begin
Definition
left colic or splenic flexure
Term
where does the descending colon end
Definition
left iliac fossa
Term
where does the sigmoid colon begin
Definition
left iliac fossa
Term
where does the sigmoid colon end
Definition
in the pelvis around S3 where it becomes continous with the rectum
Term
where does the rectum begin
Definition
around S3 where the sigmoid colon ends
Term
where does the rectum end
Definition
when it pierces the pelvic floor becoming continous with the anal canal
Term
how long is the anal canal
Definition
1.5 inches
Term
where does the anal canal begin
Definition
pelvic floor or diaphragm
Term
where does the anal canal end
Definition
anus
Term
what does the pancreas function as
Definition
an exocrine and endocrine gland
Term
where is the pancreas located
Definition
deep to the peritoneal sac, across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum on the right to the spleen on the left
Term
what regions is the pancrease in
Definition
the epigastric and left hypochondriac
Term
what are the parts of the pancreas
Definition
head, neck, body, tail
Term
what is the largest lymhoid organ in the body
Definition
spleen
Term
where is the spleen locationa and in what region and under what ribs
Definition
posterior to the stomach, in the left hypochondriac under ribs 9-11
Term
where are the kidneys located
Definition
upper posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column, sitting in part of the diaphragm
Term
where does the ureter begin and end
Definition
the kidney to the urinary bladder
Term
what muscle is associated with the ureter, where is it located
Definition
the psoas major, the pelvic cavity enterance
Term
where are the suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Definition
on the upper pole of each kidney deep in the abdoman
Term
what are the parts of the adrenal glands and their relative locations
Definition
cortex (outer), medulla (inner)
Term
what is the function of the adrenal glands
Definition
endocrine glands that secrete hormones
Term
during embryology, where do the adrenal glands come from
Definition
they have different origins in different people, usually the neural crest
Term
describe the differences between the peritoneum and the pleura and pericardium
Definition
surrounds many organs, more complex arangement
Term
which direction did the organs fill into the peritoneum during development
Definition
mainly from the posterior abdominal wall
Term
what are the layers of the peritoneum
Definition
parietal and visceral
Term
describe the peritoneal cavity
Definition
potential space between parietal and visceral layers, has some serous fluid
Term
describe te paritoneal cavity in females
Definition
communicates with the outside via the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Term
describe the peritoneum in males
Definition
is a closed cavity
Term
what is the definition of a intraperitoneal organ
Definition
almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum, think organs that are suspended or hanging
Term
what are the intraperitoneal organs
Definition
stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, spleen
Term
what is the definition of a retroperitoneal organ
Definition
located posterior to the peritoneal sac between the sac and abdominal wall, only the anterior surface is coered with peritoneum
Term
what organs are retroperitoneal
Definition
most of the duodenum and pancreas, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, supraparenal glands, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava
Term
what are the categories of peritoneal folds
Definition
ligament, omentum, mesentary
Term
what is a peritoneal ligament
Definition
a two layered peritoneal fold that connects an organ to the abdominal wall or another organ
Term
what types of peritoneal ligaments are there
Definition
falciform, coronary, splenorenal, gastrosplenic, omentum, mesentary, umbilical folds
Term
what is the falciform ligament
Definition
peritoneal fold that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. runs from umbilicus to diaphragm
Term
what is the coronary ligament
Definition
peritoneal fold that connects the liver to the diaphragm, suspends it from the diaphgram
Term
what is the splenoreal ligament
Definition
peritoneal fold that connects the spleen to left lidney
Term
what is the gastrosplenic ligament
Definition
peritoneal fold that connects the spleen to the stomach
Term
what is an omentum
Definition
peritoneal fold that passes from the sotmach and proximal part of the duodenumm to another organ
Term
what are the types of omentums
Definition
greater and lesser
Term
what is the lesser omentum
Definition
two layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum to the visceral surface of the liver, has a free edge
Term
what are the parts of the lesser omentum
Definition
hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain
Definition
it is thicker because it has ducts, blood, lymph vessels, and nerves traveling to and from the liver, it is a free edge in the peritoneum
Term
what is the greater omentum
Definition
hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of coils of the jejunum and ileum
Term
what does the greater omentum contain
Definition
fat
Term
what are the layers of the greater omentum
Definition
two anterior and two posterior, no space between so 4 layers because they fused
Term
describe the path of the layers in the greater omentum
Definition
descend from the greater curvature of the stomach, fold back on themselves, and ascend, they seperate into the two layers again and go around the transverse colon to the pancreas forming the transverse mesocolon
Term
what is a mesentery
Definition
a two layered peritoneal fold that connects intestines to the posterior abdominal wall
Term
what is the function of a mesentery
Definition
allows blood vessels, lymph, and nerves to reach organs from the posterior abdominal wall, provide mobility and make intestine parts intraperitoneal
Term
what is the mesentery of the small intestine
Definition
connects coils of the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall, has lots of branching with vessels and lymph in it to supply intestines
Term
what is the mesentery of the transverse colon (mescolon)
Definition
connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
Term
what is the mesentery of the sigmoid colon (mesocolon)
Definition
connects sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal and pelvic walls
Term
what is a mesentary root
Definition
a mesentaries have one, attaches it to the posterior abdominal wall, formed early in development
Term
what is different about mesentaries in early development vs adult
Definition
early all parts of the digestive tract are intraperitoneal and have a mesentery, with development movements some parts adhere to the posterior abdominal wall and losse their mesentary becoming fixed (secondary retroperitoneal organ)
Term
what is a secondary retroperitoneal organ
Definition
parts that used to have a mesentary but with developmental movements have attached to the posterior abdominal wall and lost their mesentary
Term
what organs are secondary tetroperitoneal organs
Definition
most of the duodenum, most of the pancrease, ascending and descending colon
Term
what is the omentum burse where is it located
Definition
a perrtoneal pouch posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach
Term
what is another name of the omentum bursa
Definition
lesser sac
Term
what are the parts to the omentum bursa
Definition
superior recess, inferior recess, left margin, right margin, epiploic foramen
Term
what is the superior recess of the omentum burse, where is it located
Definition
upward extension, between the liver and diaphragm
Term
what is the inferior recess of the omentum burse, where is it located
Definition
downward extension of the omental burse, between the 2 anterior and 2 posterior layers of the greater omentum, usually short due to the adherance of these layers
Term
what is included in the left margin of the ometal bursa
Definition
spleen, gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments
Term
what is included in the right margin of the ometal bursa
Definition
omental (epiploic) formamen
Term
what is the omental foramen
Definition
opening of the omental burse, connects lesser to greater sac, the only opening in the lesser sac
Term
what is another name from the omental foramen
Definition
epiploic foramen, foramen of winslow
Term
what is the greater sac
Definition
the remaining of the peritoneal cavity
Term
what are the boundries of the omental foramen
Definition
anterior: lesser omentum hepatodudoneal ligament,
posterior: inferior vena cava, superior caudate lobe of liver, inferior: 1st part of duodenum
Term
what are the main structures of the hepatoduodenal ligament
Definition
portal vein, hepatic artery proper, bile duct, lymph, autonomic nerves
Term
where is the umbilical folds located
Definition
in the lower anterior abdominal wall
Term
what are the different umbilical folds
Definition
medial, medial, lateral
Term
where is the median umbilical fold
Definition
covering the median umbilical ligament from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
Term
what is the median umbilical fold a remnant of
Definition
the allantos of the embryo, when its lumen obliterates it is called urachus, in the adult it is the median umbilical ligament
Term
where is the medial umbilical fold located
Definition
one on each side covering the medial umbilical ligaments ascending from the pelvis to the umbilicus
Term
what is the medial umbilical fold a remnant of
Definition
the distal, obliterated parts of the umbilical artery
Term
where is the lateral umbilical fold located
Definition
one on ach side covering the inferior epigastric vessels
Term
where is the supravesical fossa located
Definition
between the median and medical umbilica folds on top of the bladder
Term
how is the supravesical fossa formed
Definition
as the peritoneum passes from the anterior abdominal wall onto the urinary bladder
Term
why does the supravesical fossa change shape
Definition
it rises and falls with the filling and emptying of the bladder
Term
where is the medial inguinal fossa located
Definition
between medial and lateral umbilical folds
Term
what is located in the medial inguinal fossa, what is the medical relivence of this structure
Definition
the inguinal (hesselbach's) triangle, potentionally a direct inguinal hernia
Term
where is the lateral inguinal fossa located
Definition
lateral to the lateral umbilical fold, covers inferior epigastric on their way out to the rectus abdominus
Term
what is located in the lateral inguinal fossa, what is the medical relivence of this structure
Definition
deep inguinal ring, potential site for an indirect inguinal hernia
Term
where is the supracolic compartment located
Definition
above the transverse colon and its mesentery
Term
what does the supracolic compartment contain
Definition
stomach, liver, spleen
Term
where is the infracolic compartment located
Definition
below the transverse colon and its mesentery, right and left spaces on each side of the mesentary root between cecum and duodenum/jejunum junction
Term
what does the infracolic compartment contain
Definition
most of the small and large intestines
Term
what is the infracolic compartment divided into and by what
Definition
right and left infracolic spaces by mesentery of small intestines
Term
what are the paracolic gutters
Definition
a free communicating area between the supracolic and infrocolic compartments, on each side of each ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall
Term
what nerves supplies the central part of the diaphragm
Definition
phrenic C3-C5
Term
where is the pain from the central diaphragm refered to
Definition
the sholder
Term
what nerves supply the parietal peritoneum
Definition
lower 5 intercostal nerves (T6-T12), subcostal nerves, and iliohpyogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Term
what nerves supply the peripherial diaphgram
Definition
lower 5 intercostal and subcostal (T6-T12)
Term
what nerves supply the visceral peritoneum
Definition
visceral sensory fibers that travel with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that supply the organs they cover
Term
how is pain in the parietal paritoneum elicted
Definition
mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation
Term
describe pain from the pariteal peritoneum
Definition
severe and localized
Term
how is pain elicted in the visceral peitoneum
Definition
stretching due to over distension of a hollow organ or pulling on a mesentery
Term
describe pain from the vericral peritoneum
Definition
dull and not localized
Term
what vertebral level does the inferior vena pierce the diaphragm
Definition
T8
Term
what vertebral level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm
Definition
T12
Term
what takes up most of the abdominal cavity
Definition
the small intestines
Term
what is another word for the pelvic floor
Definition
pelvic diaphragm
Term
in regards to peritoneium, how are the ascending and decending colon attached
Definition
the used to be in the mesentary but are not connected to the posterior abdominal wall making them secondary retroperitoneal organs
Term
where is the anal triangle located
Definition
in the anal canal perineium
Term
what does the pancreas release as an exocrine organ
Definition
enzymes released into the duodenum for digestion
Term
what does the pancreas release as an endocrine organ
Definition
insulin
Term
in regards to the peritoneium, how is the kidney classified
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
what does the outer adrenal cortex produce
Definition
steroids, corticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones
Term
what does the adrenal medulla product
Definition
epinepherine, norepinepherine
Term
which kidney sits higher, why
Definition
the left because the right is blocked by the liver
Term
at approxamently what vertebral level is the hilum of the kidney
Definition
L1
Term
describe the difference in the peritonieum of a male and female
Definition
a male is completely closed, a females is open because you could go through the uterine tube to the uterus and out the vagina
Term
what is the peritoneal ligaments made of
Definition
loose connective tissue, fat, few fibers
Term
what is another name for the gastrosplenic ligament, why
Definition
gastrosplenic omentum because it connects to the stomach
Term
what does the hepatogastric ligament contain
Definition
the lesser omentum that isnt part of the hepatoduodenal ligament (free edge)
Term
what is the allantosis
Definition
the bladder in an embryo
Term
what is a urachus
Definition
the bladder during development (between embryo and adult)
Term
what does the urachus become
Definition
the median umbilical ligament
Term
what does the allantois become
Definition
the urachus
Term
what are the spaces between the umbilical folds
Definition
supravesical fossa, medial inguinal fossa, laternal inguinal fossa
Term
wha s the alamentery canal
Definition
the mouth to the anus
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