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Anatomy Abdominal Wall
KYCOM Block 2
112
Anatomy
Graduate
09/06/2012

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Cards

Term
what divides the thorasic and abdominal viscera
Definition
the diaphragm
Term
what vertebre is the umbilicus at
Definition
L3
Term
what is an aponeuroses
Definition
flat, sheet like tendon
Term
what structure contains the abdominal muscles
Definition
the aponeuroses
Term
what are the main attachment points for the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles in general
Definition
attaches to thorasic cave, pervic girdle, and lumbar spine
Term
what is the function of the abdomen muscles
Definition
raise pressire to aid in expulsion from the abdominal cavity or air from the thorasic cavity, hold stuff in, extension
Term
what kind fo reflexes help with expulsion from the abdominal cavity
Definition
voluntary or reflexive
Term
explain the meaning of the extension function of the abdomen
Definition
it can distend for ingestion, pregnacy, fat desposition, or pathological conditions
Term
how many regions of the abdominal cavity are there
Definition
9
Term
what are the regions of the abdominal cavity used for
Definition
describing location of organs, pain, or pathology
Term
what planes divide the regions of the abdominal wall
Definition
midcalvicular, midinguinal, subcostal, transtubercular
Term
describe the midclavicular plane
Definition
from the midpoint of the clavical to the midinguinal points, saggital
Term
describe the midinguinal points
Definition
from the midclavicular plant between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis, saggital
Term
describe the subcostal plane
Definition
transverse, through the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage
Term
describe the transtubercular plane
Definition
through the iliac tubercles and the body of L5
Term
what planes divide the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity
Definition
transverse transumbilical, median
Term
describe the transverse transumbilical plane
Definition
through the unbilicus and the L3/:4 intervetebral disc dividing the body into upper and lower halves
Term
describe the median plane
Definition
longitudinally, dividing the body into left and right halves
Term
name the 9 quadrants of the abdomen
Definition
right and left hypochondriac, right and left flank, right and left inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, pubic
Term
what structures are in the upper right quadrant
Definition
right liver lobe, gallbladder, pylorus, dudenum parts 1-3, pancreas head, right suprarenal gland, right kidney, right cholic flexure, superior ascending colon, right transverse colon
Term
what structures are in the lower right quadrant
Definition
cecum, appendix, ileum, inferior ascending colon, right ovary, right uterine rube, right ureter, right spermatic cord, uterus if enlarged, bladder if full
Term
what structures are in the left upper quadrant
Definition
left liver lobe, spleen, stomach, jejunum, proximal ileum, body and tail of pancreas, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, left colic flexure,left transverse colon, superior descending colon
Term
what is in the lower left quadrant
Definition
sigmoid colon, inferior descending colon, left ovary, left ureter, left spermatic cord, left uterine tube, uterus if enlarged, bladder if full
Term
what is the anterior abdominal wall made of
Definition
skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum
Term
describe the umbilicus and the differences it has as abdominal skin
Definition
it is a scar left from umbilical cord attachment and where skin in an adult isn't loosly attached but is attached as scar tissue
Term
what nerves supply the cutanous nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall
Definition
anterior remi of the loer six thorasic and first lumbar nerves (T7-L1)
Term
where is the dermatome of T7
Definition
over the xyphoid process
Term
where is the dermatome of T10
Definition
umbilicus
Term
where is the dermatome of L1
Definition
just above the inguinal ligament
Term
what does the L1 nerve split into
Definition
the illiohypogastric and illioinguinal, they may be a trunk before they branch
Term
what are the layers of the superficial fascia, describe their depth
Definition
camper's (superficial) and scarpa's (deep)
Term
describe the location of camper's fascia
Definition
continous with the superficial far over the body, fades out laterally and superiorly where it becomes continous with the superficial fascial of the back and thorax, fuses with fascia in the thigh below the inguinal ligament
Term
what is camper's fascia made of
Definition
fat
Term
describe the location of Scarpa's fascia
Definition
in the midline it forms a tubular sheath for the penis or clitois, below the perineum it enters the wall of the scrotum or labia majora, it attaches to the public arch (colles' fascia), posteriorly it fuses with the preineal body and perineal membrane
Term
what is colles' arch made of
Definition
begins at the margin of the publc atch where Scarpa's fascia ends
Term
what are the flat muscles of the abdomen
Definition
external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus
Term
where is the rectus abdominis located
Definition
within the rectus sheath on either side of the midline of the abdomen
Term
what forms the linea alba
Definition
the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles of the abdomen at the midline
Term
what is the span of the linea alba
Definition
the xyphoid process to the pubic symphysis
Term
what is another name for the linea alba
Definition
white line, part of the rectus sheath
Term
what is the origin of the external oblique
Definition
outer surface of the lower 8 ribs
Term
what is the insertion of the external oblique
Definition
iliac crest, pubic bone, linea alba, xyphoid process
Term
what way to the fibers of the external oblique run
Definition
anterior and inferior, hands in pockets
Term
what does the lower border of the external oblique make
Definition
the aponeurosis called inguinal ligament
Term
what is the inguinal ligament an apneurosis if it is a ligament and not a tendon
Definition
it really is a tendon, but is technically a ligament? whatever.
Term
what is the span of the inguinal ligament
Definition
anterior/ superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle
Term
describe the appearance and location of the lacunar ligament
Definition
a crescent shaped extension at the medial end of the inguinal ligament, posteriorly attaches to the pectineal line on the superior ramus of the pubis
Term
where is the fascia lata
Definition
deep fascia of the thigh, attaches to the inguinal ligament
Term
where is the superifical inguinal ring
Definition
opening to the external oblique aponeurosis, above the pubic tubericle
Term
what does the inguinal ring form
Definition
the anterior or superificial opening of the inguinal canal
Term
describe the general location of the internal oblique
Definition
deep to the external oblique
Term
what is the origin of the internal oblique
Definition
thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
Term
where is the insertion of the internal oblique
Definition
lower 3-4 ribs, costal cartilages, xyphoid process, linea alba, pubic bone
Term
describe the path of the internal oblique fibers
Definition
simillar to the internal intercostals, anterior and superior
Term
what does the lower border of the internal oblique go
Definition
arches over the medial inguinal ligament and canal joining the fibers of the transversus abdominis making the conjoint tendon that attaches the pubic crest to the pectinal line
Term
dcribe the general location of the transverse abdominus
Definition
deep to the internal oblique
Term
what is the origin of the transverse abdominus
Definition
deep lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament
Term
what is the insertion of the transverse abdominus
Definition
xyphoid process, pubic bone, linea alba
Term
describe the direction of the transverse abdominus fibers
Definition
horizontal
Term
how does the transverse abdominus lowest tendinous fibers end
Definition
it forms the conjoint tendon with the internal oblique
Term
what is the function of the transverse abdominus
Definition
to make interabdominal pressure when needed
Term
describe the location of the rectus abdominus
Definition
verticle, entire abdominal wall length
Term
what are the linea alba
Definition
seperations in the rectus abdominus
Term
what is the origin of the rectus abdominus
Definition
pubic symphysis and illiac crest
Term
what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis
Definition
5-7 costal cartilages
Term
describe the intersections of the abdominus
Definition
made by the linea alba and the tendinous intersections, the intersections strongly attach to the ANTEROR wall of the rectus sheath
Term
what is the linea semilunaris
Definition
a curved edge on the lateral border of the rectus abdominis that marks the lateral border when the muscle contracts
Term
what are the actions of the anterior abdominal muscles
Definition
enclose things, support, protection, lateral flexion, rotation, forced expiration, contraction with glottis closed increases pressure for evacuation
Term
what is the function of the rectus abdominis
Definition
stabilizes the pelvix
Term
what is the function of the oblique muscles
Definition
lateral flexion and rotation
Term
what structues does the rectus sheath enclose
Definition
rectus abdominis, pyrimidalis, terminal part of lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, superior and interior epigastric vessels
Term
what forms the rectus sheath
Definition
the aponeurosis of the three abdominal muscles
Term
what forms the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath
Definition
the aponeurosis of the internal oblique in 2 layers
Term
what are the two layers of the aponerurosis of the upper internal oblique
Definition
anterior and posterior
Term
describe the path of the anterior layer of the upper internal oblique aponeurosis
Definition
joins with the external oblique aponeurosis
Term
describe the path of the posterior layer of the upper internal oblique aponeurosis
Definition
joins the transverse abdominis aponeurosis
Term
what forms the lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath
Definition
all three layers of the abdominal muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominus leaving the rectus abdominus in contact with the transveralis fascia
Term
what forms the posterior aponeurotic wall of the rectus sheath
Definition
trick question, there is none
Term
how does the anterior rectus sheath attach to the rectus abdominis
Definition
attaches to the tendinous intersections
Term
what is the arcuate line
Definition
curved line that marks the lower end of the posterior aponeurotic wall of the rectus sheath
Term
where is the arcuate line located
Definition
half way between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis
Term
where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath
Definition
the arcuate line
Term
describe the origin of the superior epigastric artery
Definition
terminal branch of the internal thorasic
Term
what does the superior epigastric artery supply
Definition
upper central region of the anterior abdominal wall
Term
describe the origin of the inferior epigastric artery
Definition
branch of the external illiac
Term
what does the inferior epigastric artery supply
Definition
lower central part of the abdominal wall
Term
how does the inferior and superior epigastric arteries end
Definition
they form an anastomoses together
Term
describe the origin of the deep circumflex illiac artery and the path
Definition
comes from the external illiac artery, runs anteriorr and superior to the illiac spine
Term
what does the deep circumflex illiac artery supply
Definition
lower lateral abdominal wall
Term
what arteries supply the upper lateral abdominal wall
Definition
lower two posterior intercostal, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries
Term
what arteries supply the superificial structures of the lower anterior abdominal wall
Definition
superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
Term
what arteries supply the upper abdominal wall interior to the costal margin
Definition
branches of the musculophrenic
Term
what veins drain the superior anterior abdominal wall
Definition
there is a network of superificial veins that drain into the axillary vein and inferior to the femoral vein
Term
what veins drain the deep abdominal wall
Definition
corresponding veins to the arteries
Term
what does the superior epigastric vein drain into
Definition
the internal thorasic vein
Term
what does the inferior epigastric vein drain into
Definition
the external iliac vein
Term
what does the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain into
Definition
the azygous or hemiazygous veins
Term
what does the lumbar vein drain into
Definition
the inferior vena cava
Term
list the veins that drain the anterior abdominal wall
Definition
lumbar, posterior intercostal, subcostal, inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, superior epigastric
Term
describe the path of lymph in the superificial abdominal wall above the umbilicus
Definition
drains to anterior axilliary lymph nodes
Term
describe the path of lymph in the superificial abdominal wall below the umbilicus
Definition
drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
describe the path of lymph in the deep abdominal wall
Definition
lymph follows the arteries and drains into the internal thorasic, external iliac, posterior mediastinal, and lymbar lymph nodes
Term
what is the transversalis fascia
Definition
part of hte continous fascia (endoabdominal fascia) that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Term
what is extraperitoneal fat
Definition
loose connection tissue with variable amount of fat
Term
where is the extraperitoneal fat located
Definition
between the transversalis fascia and the parital peritoneum
Term
what is the partial peritoneum
Definition
a seous membrane lining the abdominal pevic walls
Term
describe the path of the 7-11 intercostal and subcostal nerves in the abdominal wall
Definition
pierce the posterior wall of the rectus sheath, terminate by piercing the anterior wall of the rectus sheath to supply the skin as the anterior cutaneous branches
Term
what do the 7-11 intercostal and subcostal nerves supply in the abdominal wall
Definition
rectus abdominus
Term
what nerves supply the pyramidalis
Definition
the subcostal nerve
Term
describe the path of the L1 nerve branches in the abdomenal wall
Definition
they do NOT enter the rectus sheath, they pierce the internal oblique and run between it and the external oblique
Term
describe the path of the iliohypogastric nerve
Definition
pierces external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring to supply suparapubic skin
Term
describe the path of the ilioinguinal nerve
Definition
emerges through the superificial iguinal ring to supply the skin of the superomedial thigh and external genitalia
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