Term
| what divides the thorasic and abdominal viscera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vertebre is the umbilicus at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structure contains the abdominal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the main attachment points for the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles in general |
|
Definition
| attaches to thorasic cave, pervic girdle, and lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the abdomen muscles |
|
Definition
| raise pressire to aid in expulsion from the abdominal cavity or air from the thorasic cavity, hold stuff in, extension |
|
|
Term
| what kind fo reflexes help with expulsion from the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain the meaning of the extension function of the abdomen |
|
Definition
| it can distend for ingestion, pregnacy, fat desposition, or pathological conditions |
|
|
Term
| how many regions of the abdominal cavity are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the regions of the abdominal cavity used for |
|
Definition
| describing location of organs, pain, or pathology |
|
|
Term
| what planes divide the regions of the abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| midcalvicular, midinguinal, subcostal, transtubercular |
|
|
Term
| describe the midclavicular plane |
|
Definition
| from the midpoint of the clavical to the midinguinal points, saggital |
|
|
Term
| describe the midinguinal points |
|
Definition
| from the midclavicular plant between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis, saggital |
|
|
Term
| describe the subcostal plane |
|
Definition
| transverse, through the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| describe the transtubercular plane |
|
Definition
| through the iliac tubercles and the body of L5 |
|
|
Term
| what planes divide the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
| transverse transumbilical, median |
|
|
Term
| describe the transverse transumbilical plane |
|
Definition
| through the unbilicus and the L3/:4 intervetebral disc dividing the body into upper and lower halves |
|
|
Term
| describe the median plane |
|
Definition
| longitudinally, dividing the body into left and right halves |
|
|
Term
| name the 9 quadrants of the abdomen |
|
Definition
| right and left hypochondriac, right and left flank, right and left inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, pubic |
|
|
Term
| what structures are in the upper right quadrant |
|
Definition
| right liver lobe, gallbladder, pylorus, dudenum parts 1-3, pancreas head, right suprarenal gland, right kidney, right cholic flexure, superior ascending colon, right transverse colon |
|
|
Term
| what structures are in the lower right quadrant |
|
Definition
| cecum, appendix, ileum, inferior ascending colon, right ovary, right uterine rube, right ureter, right spermatic cord, uterus if enlarged, bladder if full |
|
|
Term
| what structures are in the left upper quadrant |
|
Definition
| left liver lobe, spleen, stomach, jejunum, proximal ileum, body and tail of pancreas, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, left colic flexure,left transverse colon, superior descending colon |
|
|
Term
| what is in the lower left quadrant |
|
Definition
| sigmoid colon, inferior descending colon, left ovary, left ureter, left spermatic cord, left uterine tube, uterus if enlarged, bladder if full |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior abdominal wall made of |
|
Definition
| skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| describe the umbilicus and the differences it has as abdominal skin |
|
Definition
| it is a scar left from umbilical cord attachment and where skin in an adult isn't loosly attached but is attached as scar tissue |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the cutanous nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| anterior remi of the loer six thorasic and first lumbar nerves (T7-L1) |
|
|
Term
| where is the dermatome of T7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dermatome of T10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dermatome of L1 |
|
Definition
| just above the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the L1 nerve split into |
|
Definition
| the illiohypogastric and illioinguinal, they may be a trunk before they branch |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the superficial fascia, describe their depth |
|
Definition
| camper's (superficial) and scarpa's (deep) |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of camper's fascia |
|
Definition
| continous with the superficial far over the body, fades out laterally and superiorly where it becomes continous with the superficial fascial of the back and thorax, fuses with fascia in the thigh below the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is camper's fascia made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the location of Scarpa's fascia |
|
Definition
| in the midline it forms a tubular sheath for the penis or clitois, below the perineum it enters the wall of the scrotum or labia majora, it attaches to the public arch (colles' fascia), posteriorly it fuses with the preineal body and perineal membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is colles' arch made of |
|
Definition
| begins at the margin of the publc atch where Scarpa's fascia ends |
|
|
Term
| what are the flat muscles of the abdomen |
|
Definition
| external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus |
|
|
Term
| where is the rectus abdominis located |
|
Definition
| within the rectus sheath on either side of the midline of the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| what forms the linea alba |
|
Definition
| the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles of the abdomen at the midline |
|
|
Term
| what is the span of the linea alba |
|
Definition
| the xyphoid process to the pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the linea alba |
|
Definition
| white line, part of the rectus sheath |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the external oblique |
|
Definition
| outer surface of the lower 8 ribs |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the external oblique |
|
Definition
| iliac crest, pubic bone, linea alba, xyphoid process |
|
|
Term
| what way to the fibers of the external oblique run |
|
Definition
| anterior and inferior, hands in pockets |
|
|
Term
| what does the lower border of the external oblique make |
|
Definition
| the aponeurosis called inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the inguinal ligament an apneurosis if it is a ligament and not a tendon |
|
Definition
| it really is a tendon, but is technically a ligament? whatever. |
|
|
Term
| what is the span of the inguinal ligament |
|
Definition
| anterior/ superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle |
|
|
Term
| describe the appearance and location of the lacunar ligament |
|
Definition
| a crescent shaped extension at the medial end of the inguinal ligament, posteriorly attaches to the pectineal line on the superior ramus of the pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep fascia of the thigh, attaches to the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| where is the superifical inguinal ring |
|
Definition
| opening to the external oblique aponeurosis, above the pubic tubericle |
|
|
Term
| what does the inguinal ring form |
|
Definition
| the anterior or superificial opening of the inguinal canal |
|
|
Term
| describe the general location of the internal oblique |
|
Definition
| deep to the external oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the internal oblique |
|
Definition
| thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, lateral inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| where is the insertion of the internal oblique |
|
Definition
| lower 3-4 ribs, costal cartilages, xyphoid process, linea alba, pubic bone |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the internal oblique fibers |
|
Definition
| simillar to the internal intercostals, anterior and superior |
|
|
Term
| what does the lower border of the internal oblique go |
|
Definition
| arches over the medial inguinal ligament and canal joining the fibers of the transversus abdominis making the conjoint tendon that attaches the pubic crest to the pectinal line |
|
|
Term
| dcribe the general location of the transverse abdominus |
|
Definition
| deep to the internal oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the transverse abdominus |
|
Definition
| deep lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the transverse abdominus |
|
Definition
| xyphoid process, pubic bone, linea alba |
|
|
Term
| describe the direction of the transverse abdominus fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the transverse abdominus lowest tendinous fibers end |
|
Definition
| it forms the conjoint tendon with the internal oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the transverse abdominus |
|
Definition
| to make interabdominal pressure when needed |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the rectus abdominus |
|
Definition
| verticle, entire abdominal wall length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seperations in the rectus abdominus |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the rectus abdominus |
|
Definition
| pubic symphysis and illiac crest |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the intersections of the abdominus |
|
Definition
| made by the linea alba and the tendinous intersections, the intersections strongly attach to the ANTEROR wall of the rectus sheath |
|
|
Term
| what is the linea semilunaris |
|
Definition
| a curved edge on the lateral border of the rectus abdominis that marks the lateral border when the muscle contracts |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the anterior abdominal muscles |
|
Definition
| enclose things, support, protection, lateral flexion, rotation, forced expiration, contraction with glottis closed increases pressure for evacuation |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the oblique muscles |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion and rotation |
|
|
Term
| what structues does the rectus sheath enclose |
|
Definition
| rectus abdominis, pyrimidalis, terminal part of lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, superior and interior epigastric vessels |
|
|
Term
| what forms the rectus sheath |
|
Definition
| the aponeurosis of the three abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what forms the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath |
|
Definition
| the aponeurosis of the internal oblique in 2 layers |
|
|
Term
| what are the two layers of the aponerurosis of the upper internal oblique |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the anterior layer of the upper internal oblique aponeurosis |
|
Definition
| joins with the external oblique aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the posterior layer of the upper internal oblique aponeurosis |
|
Definition
| joins the transverse abdominis aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| what forms the lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath |
|
Definition
| all three layers of the abdominal muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominus leaving the rectus abdominus in contact with the transveralis fascia |
|
|
Term
| what forms the posterior aponeurotic wall of the rectus sheath |
|
Definition
| trick question, there is none |
|
|
Term
| how does the anterior rectus sheath attach to the rectus abdominis |
|
Definition
| attaches to the tendinous intersections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| curved line that marks the lower end of the posterior aponeurotic wall of the rectus sheath |
|
|
Term
| where is the arcuate line located |
|
Definition
| half way between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the origin of the superior epigastric artery |
|
Definition
| terminal branch of the internal thorasic |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior epigastric artery supply |
|
Definition
| upper central region of the anterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| describe the origin of the inferior epigastric artery |
|
Definition
| branch of the external illiac |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior epigastric artery supply |
|
Definition
| lower central part of the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| how does the inferior and superior epigastric arteries end |
|
Definition
| they form an anastomoses together |
|
|
Term
| describe the origin of the deep circumflex illiac artery and the path |
|
Definition
| comes from the external illiac artery, runs anteriorr and superior to the illiac spine |
|
|
Term
| what does the deep circumflex illiac artery supply |
|
Definition
| lower lateral abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the upper lateral abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| lower two posterior intercostal, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the superificial structures of the lower anterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the upper abdominal wall interior to the costal margin |
|
Definition
| branches of the musculophrenic |
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the superior anterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| there is a network of superificial veins that drain into the axillary vein and inferior to the femoral vein |
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the deep abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| corresponding veins to the arteries |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior epigastric vein drain into |
|
Definition
| the internal thorasic vein |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior epigastric vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain into |
|
Definition
| the azygous or hemiazygous veins |
|
|
Term
| what does the lumbar vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the veins that drain the anterior abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| lumbar, posterior intercostal, subcostal, inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, superior epigastric |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of lymph in the superificial abdominal wall above the umbilicus |
|
Definition
| drains to anterior axilliary lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of lymph in the superificial abdominal wall below the umbilicus |
|
Definition
| drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of lymph in the deep abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| lymph follows the arteries and drains into the internal thorasic, external iliac, posterior mediastinal, and lymbar lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the transversalis fascia |
|
Definition
| part of hte continous fascia (endoabdominal fascia) that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is extraperitoneal fat |
|
Definition
| loose connection tissue with variable amount of fat |
|
|
Term
| where is the extraperitoneal fat located |
|
Definition
| between the transversalis fascia and the parital peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| what is the partial peritoneum |
|
Definition
| a seous membrane lining the abdominal pevic walls |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the 7-11 intercostal and subcostal nerves in the abdominal wall |
|
Definition
| pierce the posterior wall of the rectus sheath, terminate by piercing the anterior wall of the rectus sheath to supply the skin as the anterior cutaneous branches |
|
|
Term
| what do the 7-11 intercostal and subcostal nerves supply in the abdominal wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the pyramidalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the L1 nerve branches in the abdomenal wall |
|
Definition
| they do NOT enter the rectus sheath, they pierce the internal oblique and run between it and the external oblique |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the iliohypogastric nerve |
|
Definition
| pierces external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring to supply suparapubic skin |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the ilioinguinal nerve |
|
Definition
| emerges through the superificial iguinal ring to supply the skin of the superomedial thigh and external genitalia |
|
|
