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Anatomy 3 (Even)
N/A
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/12/2012

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Cards

Term
Stimulate the activation and function of both T & B cells
Definition
TH cells- Helper T cells
Term
Which organ is the most important initiating immune response to blood borne antigens
Definition
Spleen
Term
When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is
Definition
Increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal to the blockage
Term
What does lymph transport depend on?
Definition
Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissue, such as skeletal muscles
Term
Which of the following is not a Mucosa-Associated Lymphatice Tissue (MALT)
Definition
Thymus
Term
Elevation of this usually minor leukocyte is usually an indication of allergy or parasite infection
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
Generalized phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris
Definition
Macrophages
Term

Whicih of the following is not a normal factor in the nonspecific defense measures of external exposed skin

Dry and Nutrient poor surface

Acid mantle

Keratin

Defensins

Lysozyme

Definition
Lysozyme
Term
What do Natural Killer (NK) cells do?
Definition
Can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated
Term
Interferons are
Definition
Interfere with virus multiplication within cells
Term
What is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms
Definition
Phagocytes
Term
When the complement system is activated by antibodies atached to the surface antigens of bacteria is which pathway of activation
Definition
Classic Pathway
Term
Which is NOT a function of complement
Definition
Enhanced B cell production of antibodies- activation of T helper cells
Term
Which cell of the inflammatory process is primarily a producer of both local (paracrine) secretions and hormones that mediate the inflammatory reaction
Definition
Mast Cells
Term

The cardinal signs of inflammation inculde all except:

Redness

Pain

Fever

Swelling

Heat

Definition
Fever
Term
This antibody is present in breast milk and may help protect the gastrointertinal tract of a child in the first moths of life
Definition
IgA
Term
Only antibody that can cross the placenta in significant quantities and confer temporary immunity on the fetus which is critical to protect a newborn during the first weeks of life
Definition
IgG
Term
Antibodies masking the toxic antigens of bacterial cells or protein toxins
Definition
Neutralization
Term
The lymphoid organ that is thought to be the most important in preventing T cells autoimmunity by process of clonal deletion
Definition
Thymus
Term
Small molecules that can bind with self-proteins to produce complete antigen that will trigger an immune response
Definition
Haptens
Term
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) use the cell wall protein____ to present antigens to a T helper cell
Definition
MHC-II protein
Term
The effector cells of cellular immunity that carry out the attack
Definition
Tcells- cytotoxic
Term

Which of the following is not a benefit of a fever to a host under attack by infectious agents

Inhibits reproduction of many bacteria

Inhibits reproduction of many virus

Promotes Interferon Activity

Decreases Metabolic Rate

Definition
Decreases Metabolic Rate
Term
The temperature control center of the body is located in which area
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
Newborn infants gain most of their immunity from
Definition
Antibodies passed from the mother across the placenta
Term
The Primary Immune Response
Definition
Has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
Term
Immunity that resultr from injection of a vaccine that contains fragments of a killed virus is an example of what form of immunity
Definition
Artificial Active
Term
Patient with elevated levels of IgE and elevated numbers of eosinophils would most likely to suffer from
Definition
Hypersensativity diseases
Term
Any process in which immune system loses the ability to differentiate self and nonself antigens and then begins attacking self antigens is
Definition
Autoimmunity
Term
Which man is considered to be the father of successful heart transplantation
Definition
Norman Shumway
Term
Richard Herrick recieved the first successful kidney transplant, he was lucky becuase
Definition
He was the first patient to recieve a kidney from his identical twin brother
Term
To successfully tissue type a potential organ for transplantation, the laboratory would need what kind of sample from the donor
Definition
White blood cells
Term
Prior to the Harvard protocol develpoed in the 1960's the major criterion that had been used for hundreds of years to establish slinical death was
Definition
No heart beat
Term
Which medication when used on a chronic basis for treatment of rejection will often lead to high blood suga, fluid retention, and high blood pressure
Definition
Cortisone
Term
What happens to the rate of gas diffusion in a patien with pulmonary edema
Definition
Diffusion rate decreases
Term
When a bronchiole constricts then you would expect that 
Definition
Resistance Increases & Airflow Decreases
Term
As an athlete warms up and begins to forcefully expire air, multiple muscle groups begin to assist in forcefully decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The muscles that have both their orgins and insertions with the rib cage are
Definition
Abdominal Muscles
Term
If the air moving out of the lungs then
Definition
Alveolar pressure > Atmospheric pressue
Term
If the thin film of water lining alveoli contained no chemicals, then as the radius of the alveolus decreases the surface tension within the alveolus will?
Definition
Increase
Term
Which cell type within the lung is reponsible for producing surfactant?
Definition
Type II Pneumocyte (Giant Alveolar Cell)
Term
Which pulmonary pressure best measures the elasticity and compliance of the lungs best?
Definition
Transpulmonary Pressure
Term
Which gas has the highest solubility in water and diffuses most rapidly across the alveolar capillary membrane
Definition
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Term
What is the approximate partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (PO2) in venous blood that is entering the lung
Definition
40
Term
The major point of neurologic control of ventilation is
Definition
Medulla Oblongata
Term
When PO2 increases in a pulmonary arteriole, what happens to the diameter of that arteriole?
Definition
Increase
Term
We know the respiratory drive to breath is a complicated process involving everything from emotions to arterial blood pH to blood levels of Oand CO2. What will decrease the rate and depth of breathing
Definition
Significant Alkalosis
Term
A patient suffers a respiratory arrest for several minutes during which time his PCOincreases to 85 mm Hg. As a result of the increases circulationg levels of COwe would expect that the patient's arterial pH would
Definition
Decrease Significantly (acidosis)
Term
Asthma is a classic example of what type of lung disorder
Definition
Restrictive
Term
If there is air in the pleural cavity (from puncture of chest wall or rupture of alveolus into pleural space) then this state of the chest is called
Definition
Pneumothorax
Term
When a premature infant is not producing adequate surfactant, he will develop
Definition
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Term
Which cell type within the lung has the primary responsibility for protecting the alveoli from the foreign particles and bacteria
Definition
Macrophage
Term
The air filling the conduction system of the lung is called
Definition
Conduction Space
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