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Anatomy 2 Exam 1
Endocrine System and Hematology
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/03/2014

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Term
Steroid Hormones
Definition
Cross cell membranes and bind directly to nucleus of target cell.
Term
Non-Steroid Hormones
Definition
Can't cross cell membrane.
Bind to receptors on cell membrane surface.
Term
Characteristics of Prostaglandins
Definition
Act only on local cells (don't travel).
Very potent.
Inactivated rapidly.
Term
Fxns of Prostaglandins
Definition
Change HR and BP.
Affect airways.
Cause inflammation.
Cause uterine contractions.
Term
3 Methods of Control of Hormone Secretions
Definition
Blood levels of other hormones in plasma.
Blood levels of a substance (ions or nutrients).
Nervous system control.
Term
Fxn of Growth Hormone (GH)
Definition
Overall increase in cell size.
Increase in bone growth.
Increase in protein synthesis (muscle).
Increase in amino acids across membranes (muscle).
Increase in fat metabolism.
Term
Hypofunction of Growth Hormone
Definition
Dwarfism in children
Term
Hyperfunction of Growth Hormone
Definition
Before puberty: gigantism
In adults: acromegaly (makes bones thicker and bigger)
Term
Fxn of Prolactin (PRL)
Definition
Milk production following childbirth.
Target = mammary gland.
Term
Fxn of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Definition
Control secretions of adrenal cortex.
Target = thyroid.
Term
Fxn of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Definition
Controls secretions of adrenal cortex.
Target = adrenal cortex.
Term
Fxn of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition
Females: matures an egg every month
Males: Produces sperm
Term
Fxn of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Definition
Females: causes formation of corpus luteum after ovulation.
Males (called Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone): stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce testosterone
Term
Fxn of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Definition
Causes water re-absorption in the renal tubes.
Term
Hypofunction of ADH
Definition
Diabetes Insipidus: lose everything they drink; common in babies
Term
Fxn of Oxytocin (OT)
Definition
Causes uterine contractions during childbirth.
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
Caused by too much T3 and T4.
AKA Graves (most common symptom = bulging eyes).
Term
Hormones secreted by anterior portion of pituitary gland (adenohypophysis).
Definition
GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
Term
Hormones secretes by posterior portion of pituitary gland (neurohypophysis).
Definition
ADH, OT
Term
Hormones secreted by Thyroid Gland
Definition
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine (T3 and T4), Calcitonin.
Term
Fxn of T3/T4
Definition
Control basal metabolic rate (how fast your body burns calories).
Helps mature and grow the nervous system.
Term
Fxn of Calcitonin
Definition
Lowers blood calcium levels (plasma).
Lowers amount of calcium absorbed by bones.
Term
Iodine Deficiency
Definition
Simple Goiter: thyroid swells up from lack of iodine because TSH keeps being released.
Term
Hormone secreted by Parathyroid Gland
Definition
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
Term
Fxn of Parathyroid Hormone
Definition
Increase blood calcium levels (plasma).
Increase amount of calcium being absorbed from bones.
Term
Hypocalcemia
Definition
Causes excitable nervous system (muscle cramps).
Term
Hypercalcemia
Definition
Causes a depressed nervous system (slower reflexes, weakness).
Term
Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Medulla of Adrenal Gland
Definition
Epinephrine (adrenalin) and Norepinephrine (noradrenalin).
Term
Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Cortex of Adrenal Gland
Definition
Aldosterone (Mineralcorticoids) and Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)
Term
Fxn of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Definition
E: Raise HR and BP and breathing rate.

NE: Increase in strength of contractions of the heart
Term
Fxn of Aldosterone
Definition
Causes sodium re-absorption in the renal tubes.
Term
Fxn of Cortisol
Definition
Maintains blood glucose levels between meals (help organ function).
Term
Hormones secreted by the Pancreas
Definition
Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin
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