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Anatomy 2 Digestive System
Digestive System overview
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/14/2011

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Cards

Term
What digests and absorbs food
Definition
The Alimentary or Gastrointestinal Tract
Term
what parts make up the alimentary canal
Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
Term
Name the 7 accessory digestive organs
Definition
Teeth, Tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
Term
" The GI tract is a disassembly line" what does this phrase mean.
Definition
Nutrients become more available to the body in each step.
Term
what are the 6 essential activities of the Digestive Process
Definition
Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defication.
Term
What takes place during Ingestion?
Definition
Taking food into the digestive tract
Term
What takes place during Propulsion?
Definition
Swallowing and peristalsis
Term
Define Peristalsis
Definition
Waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in organ walls
Term
What takes place during mechanical digestion
Definition
Chewing, mixing, and churning food.
Term
what takes place during chemical digestion
Definition
catabolic breakdown of food
Term
what takes place during absorption
Definition
movement from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood or lymps.
Term
What does the regulation of digestion involve?
Definition
 Mechanical and chemical stimuli – stretch receptors, osmolarity, and presence of substrate in the lumen
 Extrinsic control by CNS centers
 Intrinsic control by local centers
Term
what do mechano and chemoreceptors respond to?
Definition
stretch receptors,osmolarity, PH, presence of substrate, and end products of digestion
Term
What types of nervous controls exist in the GI tract?
Definition
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Controls
Term
What does the intrinsic control?
Definition
 Nerve plexuses near the GI tract initiate short reflexes
 Short reflexes are mediated by local enteric plexuses (gut brain)
Term
what does the extrinsic control?
Definition
 Long reflexes arising within or outside the GI tract
 CNS centers and extrinsic autonomic nerves
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