Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy 2 15
:) Chp 15
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
• Cranial Nerve I
Definition
Olfactory
Term
• Cranial Nerve II
Definition
Optic
Term
• Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI
Definition
Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens
Term
• Cranial Nerve V
Definition
Trigeminal
Term
• Cranial Nerve VII
Definition
Facial
Term
• Cranial Nerve VIII
Definition
Vestibulocochlear
Term
• Cranial Nerve IX
Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Term
• Cranial Nerve X
Definition
Vagus
Term
• Cranial Nerve XI
Definition
Accessory
Term
• Cranial Nerve XII
Definition
Hypoglossal
Term
• Autonomic system as a whole
– Subdivisions
Definition
parasympathetic and sympathetic
Term
Autonomic Nervous systems Both divisions consist of
Definition
composed of autonomic ganglia, nerves, and plexuses that are composed of autonomic neurons
Term
– Preganglionic autonomic neurons conduct from
Definition
brain stem or cord to an autonomic ganglia
Term
• Sympathetic trunk ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) lie in
Definition
vertical row on either side of vertebral column
Term
• Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia -
Definition
lie anterior to spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries
Term
• Terminal (intramural) ganglia
Definition
located at end of autonomic motor pathway very close to or within wall of visceral organ
Term
– Postganglionic neurons conduct from
Definition
ganglion to visceral effector (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue)
Term
– All visceral effectors are innervated by
Definition
sympathetic fibers and most are doubly innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers; exceptions: sweat glands and smooth muscle of most blood vessels
Term
– In thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, axons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons form
Definition
tangled networks called autonomic plexuses
Term
• Thorax
Definition
Cardiac and pulmonary plexus
Term
• Abdomen and pelvis
Definition
celiac (solar), superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexus
Term
• Sympathetic system Consists of
Definition
2 chains of ganglia (one on either side of backbone) and fibers that connect ganglia with each other and with thoracic and lumbar segments of cord
Term
• Sympathetic preganglionic fibers
Definition
– Cell bodies in lateral gray columns of thoracic and first 3 or 4 lumbar segments of cord (thoracolumbar)
Term
– Axons leave cord in anterior roots of spinal nerves
Definition
leave spinal nerve by way of white ramus
Term
– Then follows one of 3 paths:
Definition
• To terminate in sympathetic ganglia
• Or to and through sympathetic ganglia, then up or down sympathetic trunk to terminate in higher or lower sympathetic ganglia
• Or to and through splanchnic nerves to terminate in collateral ganglia
Term
– Cell bodies in sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia
Definition
(celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric)
Term
• Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
Definition
– Axons in autonomic nerves and plexuses or in gray rami and spinal nerves
Term
• Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
Definition
– Cell bodies in nuclei of brain stem and of sacral segments of cord (craniosacral)
– Axons from brain stem nuclei go through cranial nerve III, terminate in ciliary ganglion
– From nuclei in pons through cranial nerve VII, terminate in pterygopalatine or submandibular ganglion
Term
• Preganglionic neurons
Definition
– From nuclei in medulla through cranial nerve IX to otic ganglion or through cranial nerves X and XI to cardiac and celiac ganglion
– Sacral preganglionic fibers pass from anterior roots of 2-4 sacral nerves forming the pelvic splanchnic nerves and terminate in terminal ganglia in walls of innervated viscera
Term
• Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Definition
– Cell bodies in ganglia on or near organs innervated
– Axons lie in short nerves extending into effector
Term
• Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Definition
– Cell bodies in ganglia on or near organs innervated
– Axons lie in short nerves extending into effector
Term
• Autonomic system function
Definition
– Autonomic system regulates visceral effectors in ways that tend to maintain or quickly restore homeostasis
Term
– Both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are tonically active
Definition
ie. They continually send impulses to visceral effectors
Term
– Sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses exert
Definition
antagonistic influences on visceral effectors; summation of the two determines activity of effector
Term
– Autonomic system does not function autonomously but is
Definition
continually influenced by impulses from the brain, from a hierarchy of autonomic centers
Term
– ANS neurotransmitters
Definition
• Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine and include
– All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
– All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
– Some sympathetic postganglionic neurons (sweat glands and certain blood vessels)
Term
• Adrenergic neurons release
Definition
norepinephrine or epinephrine - secreted by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons
Term
• Cholinergic receptors include
Definition
nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors
Term
– Nicotinic receptors found on
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons; activation leads to depolarization
Term
– Muscarinic receptors found on effectors innervated by
Definition
parasympathetic (slows down-hyperpolarize) (If it’s digestive organs-stimulate, depolarize) 15.2 on 595
Term
postganglionic axons and cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic axons;
Definition
activation may cause depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on type of cell bearing receptor
Term
– Adrenergic receptors
Definition
Alpha and Beta Receptors
Term
• Alpha receptors
Definition
are excitatory (Causes depolarization)
Term
• Beta receptors
Definition
receptors are excitatory and others inhibitory (Depends on location.) (Hyperpolarization) (Beta Blocker-block sympathetic association. To slow down heart rate)
Term
• Sympathetic system
Definition
– Under normal conditions, the sympathetic system functions to maintain normal functioning of double innervated visceral effectors by partially counteracting parasympathetic impulses(parasympathetic happens the most often!)
Term
• Sympathetic system Function
Definition
– Functions to maintain normal tone of singly innervated blood vessels and thus maintains normal blood pressure
Term
– Under stress conditions, sympathetic impulses prepare body for
Definition
maximum energy expenditure by producing “fight or flight” syndrome of responses
Term
• Parasympathetic system
Definition
– Dominates control of most visceral effectors most of the time; i.e. under ordinary conditions
Supporting users have an ad free experience!