Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy 1 (Odd)
N/A
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/12/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sympathetic division of the ANS
Definition
Thoracolumbar division of the ANS
Term
Parasympathetic nerves outflowing from sacral spinal segments
Definition
Pelvic Nerves
Term

The autonomic nervous system innervates all except

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Salivary glands

Blood vessels

Definition
Skeletal Muscle
Term
The major autonomic control center within the CNS is
Definition
The hypothalamus
Term
The division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains homeostasis during resting conditions is
Definition
Parasympathetic division
Term
Sympathetic ganglionic cells lying along either side of the spinal cord are called
Definition
Chain ganglia
Term
Intramural ganglia are almost always part of the
Definition
Parasympathetis nervous system 
Term
Very short preganglionic fibers and very long postganglionic fibers are characteristics of the
Definition
Sympathetic nervous system
Term

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic fibers except:

Increased sweat secretion

Reduced circulation to the skin

Decreased heart rate

Dilation of pupils

Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Definition
Decreased heart rate
Term
Normal control (over complete physiologic range) of the heart rate depends upon
Definition
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation
Term
Increased parasympathetic stimulation
Definition
Increases gastric motility
Term
Cranial nerve III (Oculomotor) supplies which function
Definition
Constriction of pupil
Term
Stimulation of beta receptors on the heart muscle would result in
Definition
Increased force of contraction
Term
What symptom would you NOT expect to observe in a person who has taken an excess of sympathetic drugs?
Definition
Decreased blood pressure
Term
A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in blood vessels would result in
Definition
An increase in vessel diameter
Term
Relaxation of respiratory airway smooth muscle
Definition
Beta-2
Term
Constriction of smooth muscle of peripheral blood vessels
Definition
Alpha-1
Term
Stimulation of tears in the eye
Definition
Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
Term
Sexual arousal, increased blood flow and secretions in the sexual organs
Definition
Sacral (Pelvic) Nerves
Term
Chemical messenger released by axon terminals, diffuses across a synaptic cleft, and acts on cell in the immediate vicinity is
Definition
Neurotransmitter
Term
Insulin and glucagon produce opposite effects on blood sugar, this is an example of
Definition
Antagonistic effects
Term
If cells increase the number of receptors to a particular hormone and become more sensitive to that hormone is called
Definition
Up Regulation
Term
Usually bind to intracellular receptors
Definition
Steroid hormones
Term
Virtually all protein or amino acid based hormones exert their effects through receptors on the surface of the cell's external membrane, the hormone activated receptors activate a "G" protein which exerts its inracellular effects through
Definition
Second Messengers
Term
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on
Definition
The presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells target tissue or organ
Term
Mixed gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions which is located close to the stomach and small intestine 
Definition
Pancreas
Term
Usually four small glands located on the posterior aspect of another endocrine gland in the neck
Definition
Parathyroid Gland
Term
Contains hormones in the central colloid
Definition
Thyroid Follicle
Term
Site of production of the catecholamines Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Definition
Adrenal Medulla
Term
The most important regulatory of body wide metabolic rate
Definition
Thyroid Hormone
Term
Which hormone receptor is most likely to be located within the nucleus of the cell
Definition
Cortisol Receptor
Term

Which of the following is not true for epinephrine

 

Fast acting nervous system directly stimulates the release of the hormone

Hormone is rapidly released from storage vesicles

Hormone has a long half life

Definition
Hormone has a long has a long half life
Term
Regualte the ovarian cycle
Definition
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Term
Too much can produce "pituitary gigantism"
Definition
Growth hormone
Term
Maintenance of salt and water balances in the EFC
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
Released in the initial reaction to physical or emotional stress
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
When an athlete wants to "carbohydrate load" his body with fuel by causing the ingested glucose to move into the liver and muscle cells and be stored as glycogen, which hormone is essential to this process?
Definition
Insulin
Term
Which hormone increases blood calcium by: promoting absorption of calcium from small bowel, inhibits calcium loss in kidneys, and promotes osteoclastic in bones
Definition
Parathyroid Hormone
Term
Which hormone has the longest half life
Definition
Thyroid Hormone
Term
Chronic increased levels of cortisol will cause
Definition
Cushing Syndrome
Term
Chronic decreased levels of thyroid hormone will cause
Definition
Mental depression, sleepy, weight gain, body wide edema, decreased tendon reflexes and heart rate
Term
Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus
Definition
First enters into the hypophyseal portal system to transport directly to the pituitary
Term
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would affect the levels of what in the blood?
Definition
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Term
Thyroid hormone contains the mineral
Definition
Iodine
Term
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
A hormone that promotes the conversion of lipids and proteins to glucose in the liver is
Definition
Cortisol
Term
The initial stage of the stress reaction are dominated by increases in which hormones
Definition
Adrenalin
Term
The gradual loss of the ability to produse adequate insulin to control blood sugar to normal levels is today most properly called
Definition
Type II Diabetes
Term
When blood glucose levels fall
Definition
Glucagon is released
Term
Gland that produces the most important hormone in esatblishing the Basal Metabolic rate of the body
Definition
Thyroid gland
Term

Functions of the blood include all of the following except:

Generation of body heat

Regualtion of pH and electrolyte concentration of interstital fluids

Body defense

Transport of nutrients and wastes

Definition
Generation of body heat
Term
A hematocrit provides information on
Definition
Packed cell volume
Term
Which blood protein is most common (60%) and is most responsible for the blood's oncotic pressure
Definition
Albumin
Term
Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the 
Definition
Fibrinogen
Term
The viscosity of whole blood relative to water is approximately
Definition
5X
Term
Primary factor responsible for the viscosity of whole blood is
Definition
Red blood cell
Term
A person's blood type is determined by the
Definition
Presence or absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane
Term
A person with the blood type A would normally have which antibody present in their blood even with no prior transfussions
Definition
Anti-B
Term
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if
Definition
An Rh negative mother carries an Rh positive fetus
Supporting users have an ad free experience!