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Anatomical Terminology
Kinesiology
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/07/2017

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Cards

Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Palms facing forward
Term
Anterior/Ventral
Definition
Front; Belly or abdomen(animal)
Term
Posterior/Dorsal(animal)
Definition
Backside
Term
Lateral
Definition
Side; farther from the median
Term
Medial
Definition
relating to the middle; closer to the center
Term
Distal
Definition
farther from the trunk
Term
Proximal
Definition
closer to the trunk
Term
Prone
Definition

Body lying face down;

ex, push-up positon

Term
Supine
Definition

Lying on the back;

ex, starting a sit-up

Term
Deep
Definition
farther from the surface
Term
Superficial
Definition
closer to the surface
Term
Extension
Definition
Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint
Term
Flexion
Definition
Bending movement that decreases the angle in a joint
Term
Hyperflexion
Definition

moving the shoulder backwards

 

*you'll only ever see this at the shoulder

Term
Hyperextension
Definition
To move beyond normal extension; bend "backwards"; to bend past 180 degrees.
Term
Abduction
Definition
Lateral movement away from the mid-line of the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement medially toward the mid-line of the body.
Term
Circumduction
Definition
  1. a continuous movement
  2. circular movement of a limb that describes a cone
  3. combining flexion, extension, and ab/adduction
Term
Rotation
Definition
to move around an axis
Term
External Rotation
Definition
rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the mid-line of the body; outward rotation.
Term
Internal Rotation
Definition
rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone toward the mid-line of the body; inward rotation.
Term
Eversion
Definition
  1. turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally 
  2. pronation

* only happens at the foot

Term
Inversion
Definition
  1. turning the sole of the foot inward or medially
  2. supination

*only happens at the foot

Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition

flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia(shin)

 

*only happens at the ankle

Term
Plantar Flexion
Definition
  1. extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving from the body
  2. rising of the toes

*only happens at the ankle

Term
pronation
Definition
internally rotating the radius where it lies diagonally across the ulna; facedown position of the forearm
Term
supination
Definition
externally rotating the radius where it lies parallel to the ulna; palm-up position
Term
elevation
Definition
superior movement of the shoulder girdle; shoulder shrug
Term
depression
Definition
downward movement of the shoulder girdle
Term
protraction
Definition
forward movement of the shoulder girdle away from the spine
Term
retraction
Definition
backward movement of the shoulder girdle toward the spine
Term
lateral flexion
Definition
movement of the head or trunk laterally away from the midline; side-bending
Term
reduction
Definition
return of the spinal column to the anatomic position from lateral flexion
Term
radial flexion
Definition
abduction movement at the wrist of the thumb side of the hand toward the forearm
Term
ulnar flexion
Definition
adduction movement at the wrist of the pinky side of the hand toward the forearm
Term
opposition of thumb
Definition
diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
divides the body into a right and left side
Term
transverse(horizontal) plane
Definition
divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Term
frontal plane
Definition
divides the body into front and back portions
Term
Diarthrodial Joints (6)
Definition
1. Hinge (elbow)
2. Ball & Sockets (shoulder)
3. Pivot (Radioulnar)
4. Irregular (Clavicle-Scapula)
5. Saddle (Thumb)
6. Condyloid (Radius-carpals)
Term
Bursa
Definition
a connective tissue sac containing a small amount of fluid

*reduces friction
Term
Synchrondosis
Definition
- type of amphiarthrosis
-Joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows slight movement
Term
Symphysis
Definition
- type of amphiarthrosis
-Joint separated by fibrocartilage pad allowing slight movement
Term
Syndesmosis
Definition
- type of amphiarthrosis
- held together by strong ligamentous structures that allow minimal movement between the bones
Term
Joint Cavity
Definition
the space "inside" the joint capsule
Term
Joint Capsule
Definition
a sleeve-like covering of ligamentous tissue
Term
Athrology
Definition
the study of joints
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
the articular surfaces on the ends of bones inside the joint cavity are lined with hyaline cartilage
Term
Diathrosis
Definition
joint encased in sleeve-like ligamentous capsule
Term
Muscle types
Definition
1. Smooth: involuntary muscle
2. Cardiac: control itself with help from nervous & endocrine system
3. skeletal: voluntary muscle; controlled consciously
Term
kinematics
Definition
description of motion movement
Term
kinetics
Definition
forces associated with motion
Term
anthropometry
Definition
size, shape, weight of bodies & body segments
Term
biomechanics
Definition
physics of human motion
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