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Anatomical Terminology
Chapter 16 Skin
183
Anatomy
Not Applicable
10/24/2012

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Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
-produce sebum
-are located in the dermal layer of the skin over the entire body, with the exception of the palms (hands), soles (feet), and lips
-oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
Term
sweat glands
Definition
-produce sweat
-are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces (about 2 million in the body)
Term
sebum
Definition
oily secretion by sabaceous glands
Term
sweat
Definition
watery secretion
Term
epidermis
Definition
-a thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin
-outermost layer of skin
Term
dermis
Definition
-dense, fiberous, connective tissue layer; containing collagen
-middle layer of the skin
Term
subcutaneous layer
Definition
innermost layer of the skin thick, fat-containing tissue
Term
epithelium
Definition
is the covering of both the internal and the external surfaces of the body
Term
squamous epithelial cells
Definition
flat and scale-like cells composing the epidermis
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
the outer layer of the skin, these cells are arranged in several layers (strata) to form this
Term
basal layer
Definition
-the deepest layer of skin
-(alive)
-it gives rise to all the epidermal cells
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
-in their movement toward the most superficial layer of the epidermis, the cells flatten, shrink, lose their nuclei, and die
-(superficial)
Term
keratin
Definition
-after the cells die, they become filled with a hard protein material
-(horny) cells
-a hair fiber is composed of a tightly fused meshwork of cells filled with the hard protein
-waterproofs
Term
melanocytes
Definition
-the basal layer of the epidermis contains these special cells
-everyone has about the same number of these cells
-produces color
-are located at the root of the hair follicle, and they donate the melanin pigment to the cells of the hair fiber
Term
melanin
Definition
melanocytes form and contain a brown-black pigment that is transferred to other epidermal cells and gives color to the skin
Term
albino
Definition
-individuals who are incapable of forming melanin
-skin and hair are white
-person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
Term
collagen
Definition
-dermis is composed of interwoven elastic
-is fibrous protein material found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, as well as in the skin
Term
striae
Definition
-overstretching of the skin with weight gain may break the elestic fibers, resulting in linear markings
-"stretch marks"
Term
adipocytes
Definition
fat cells are predominant in the subcutaneous layer and they manufacture and store large quantities of fat
Term
hair follicles
Definition
deep-lying cells in the hair root produce keratinized cells that move upward through (sacs within each hair fiber grows)
Term
lunula
Definition
is a semilunar (half-moon-shaped) whitish region at the base of the nail plate
Term
cuticle
Definition
a narrow band of epidermis (layer of keratin), is at the base and sides of the nail plate
Term
paronychium
Definition
is the soft tissue surrounding the nail border
Term
onycholysis
Definition
-is the loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed
-it may occur with infection of the nail
Term
clubbed fingers and toes
Definition
lack of oxygen
Term
spooned shape and flat
Definition
lack of iron
Term
eccrine sweat glands
Definition
-the most common type of sweat gland
-most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin
Term
pore
Definition
tiny opening on the surface
Term
apocrine sweat glands
Definition
-secrete an odorless sweat, containing substances easily broken down by bacteria on the skin
-one the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas
Term
integumentary system
Definition
the skin and its accessory structures such as nails and skin
Term
stratified
Definition
arranged in layers
Term
stratum (plural: strata)
Definition
a layer (of cells)
Term
crust
Definition
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
a scab is an example
Term
cyst
Definition
thick walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
Term
erosion
Definition
-wearing away or loss of epidermis
-doesn't leave a scar
Term
fissure
Definition
groove or crack-like sore
Term
macule
Definition
flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter
Term
nodule
Definition
-solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter
-larger
Term
papule
Definition
small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
pimples are examples
Term
polyp
Definition
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane
Term
pustule
Definition
-papule containing pus
-punlent
Term
ulcer
Definition
open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)
Term
bedsores
Definition
decubitus ulcers are caused by pressure that results from lying in one position
Term
vesicle
Definition
small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum): blister
Term
wheal
Definition
-smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
-allergic reaction (Hives)
Term
alopecia
Definition
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
Term
alopecia areata
Definition
autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation
Term
ecchymosis, ecchymoses
Definition
bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
Term
petechia, petechiae
Definition
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
Term
purpura
Definition
-ecchymoses and petechiae are forms of this
-bleeding into the skin
Term
pruritus
Definition
-itching
-Benedryl
Term
urticaria (hives)
Definition
-acute allergic reaction in which red, round, wheals develop on the skin
-for rash
Term
acne
Definition
chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
Term
acne vulgaris
Definition
caused by the buildup of sebum and keratin in the pores of the skin
Term
comedo
Definition
blackhead
sebum plug partially blocking the pore
Term
whitehead
Definition
pore becomes completely blocked
closed comedo
Term
burns
Definition
injury to tissues caused by heat contact
Term
first-degree burns
Definition
superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters
Term
second-degree burns (partial-thickness burn injury)
Definition
epidermis and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
Term
third-degree burns (full-thickness burn injury)
Definition
epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin) and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
Term
cellulitis
Definition
-diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling
-due to bacterial infection
Term
eczema
atopic dermatitis
Definition
-inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular lesions
-due to allergies
Term
exanthematous viral disease
Definition
rash (exanthem) of the skin due to viral infection
Term
examples of exanthematous viral disease
Definition
rubella, rubeola, varicella
Term
rubella
Definition
German measles
Term
rubeola
Definition
measles
Term
varicella
Definition
chickenpox
Term
gangrene
Definition
-death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
-ischemia
Term
impetigo
Definition
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
Term
pyoderma
Definition
contagious, usually is casued by staphylococci or stretococci
Term
psoriasis
Definition
-chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
-treatment is palliative
Term
palliative
Definition
relieving but not curing
Term
scabies
Definition
contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
Term
scieroderma
Definition
-chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
-scar-like tissue forms in the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, and esophagus
Term
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Definition
-chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
-kidneys affected the most
Term
discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
Definition
photosensitive, scaling, plaque-like, superficial eruption of the skin confined to the face, scalp, ears, chest, arms, and back, which heals with scarring
Term
tinea
Definition
infection of the skin caused by a fungus
Term
tinea corpois
Definition
ringworm
Term
tinea pedis
Definition
athlete's foot
Term
vitiligo
Definition
-loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
-leukoderma, autoimmune disease
Term
callus
Definition
increased growth in cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
Term
neoplasms
Definition
new growth
Term
corn
Definition
has a hard core
Term
keloid
Definition
hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision
Term
cicatrix
Definition
normal scar healed by a wound
Term
keratosis
Definition
thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
Term
actinic keratosis
Definition
caused by long-term ultraviolet light exposure and is a precancerous lesion
Term
leukoplakia
Definition
-white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek
-common in smokers
Term
nevus, nevi
Definition
-pigmented lesion of the skin
-moles
Term
dysplastic nevi
Definition
are moles that have atypical cells and may progress to form a type of skin cancer called melanoma(the deadliest type)
Term
verruca
Definition
erpidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus
Term
veruca vulgaris
Definition
common wart
Term
plantar warts
Definition
occur on the soles of the feet
Term
basal cell carcinoma
Definition
-malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
-it almost never metastasizes
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
Term
malignant melanoma
Definition
-cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
-worst
Term
The ABCSDEs of melanoma
Definition
Asynmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
Term
Asynmetry
Definition
one half unlike the other half
Term
Border
Definition
irregular or poorly circumscribed border
Term
color
Definition
varies from one area to another; shades of tan and brown, black, and sometimes white, red, or blue
Term
Diameter
Definition
usually larger than 6 mm (same as a pencil eraser
Term
Evolution
Definition
change in the lesion over time
Term
Kaposi sarcoma
Definition
-Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules
-associated with AIDs and HIV
Term
bacteral analyses
Definition
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
bacteria cultures
Term
fungal tests
Definition
-scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination
-may be treated with KOH(potassium hydroxide)
Term
cryosugery
Definition
use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
Term
curettage
Definition
use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion
Term
electrodesication
Definition
tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
Term
Mohs micrographic surgery
Definition
-thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection
-also known as microscopically controlled surgery
-treat basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas
Term
skin biopsy
Definition
-suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist
-punch biopsy
-shave biopsy
Term
skin test
Definition
-substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed
-for TB and allergy test
Term
Bx
Definition
biopsy
Term
Derm
Definition
dermatology
Term
PPD
Definition
purified protein derivative
*used in skin test for tuberculosis
Term
SLE
Definition
systemic lupus erythematosus
Term
subQ
Definition
subcutaneous
Term
MMR
Definition
measules, mumps, and rubeola
Term
adip/o
lip/o
steat/o
Definition
fat
Term
albin/o
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
caus/o
Definition
burn, burning
Term
cauter/o
Definition
heat, burn
Term
cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
diaphor/o
Definition
profuse sweating
Term
erythem/o
erythemat/o
Definition
redness
Term
hidr/o
Definition
sweat
Term
hydr/o
Definition
water
Term
icthy/o
Definition
dry, scaly
Term
kerat/o
Definition
hard
Term
melan/o
Definition
black
Term
myc/o
Definition
fungus
Term
onych/o
ungu/o
Definition
nail
Term
phyt/o
Definition
plant, fungus
Term
pil/o
trich/o
Definition
hair
Term
py/o
Definition
pus
Term
rhytid/o
Definition
wrinkle
Term
seb/o
Definition
excessive sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)
Term
squam/o
Definition
scale-like
Term
xanth/o
juand/o
lute/o
Definition
yellow
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
anthrac/o
Definition
black as coal
Term
chlor/o
Definition
green
Term
cirrh/o
Definition
tawny yellow
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue
Term
eosin/o
Definition
rosy
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
poli/o
Definition
gray
Term
adipose
Definition
full of fat
Term
albinism
Definition
white condition
Term
causalgia
neuralgia
Definition
pain from burns
Term
electrocautery
Definition
electricity burn
watch from smell of burning flesh
Term
subcutaneous
Definition
pertaining to below the skin
Term
epidermis
Definition
pertaining to above the skin
Term
dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the skin (allergies)
Term
actopic dermititis
Definition
eczema
Term
dermatoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the skin (from skin burns)
Term
dermatologist
Definition
specialist who studies skin
Term
dermabrasion
Definition
scraping away skin
Term
epidermolysis
Definition
breakdown of upper skin
to seperate
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
condition of profuse sweating
Term
erythema
Definition
redness of skin
Term
anhidrosis
Definition
without the condition of sweating
Term
ichthyosis
Definition
dry scaly condition
Term
keratosis
Definition
hard skin condition
Term
leukoplakia
Definition
white plaque
Term
lipoma
Definition
tumor of fat (benign)
Term
liposuction
Definition
removal of fat tissue through suction
can cause bleeding to death
Term
melanocyte
Definition
black cell
gives hair or skin color
Term
melanoma
Definition
*worst*
malignant skin tumor (usually black)
Term
mycosis
Definition
fungus condition
Term
onycholysis
Definition
seperation of the nail
Term
onychomycosis
Definition
fungal infection of the nails
Term
paronychia
Definition
condition near the nail (ingrown nails)
Term
dermatophytosis
Definition
condition of fungal infections being planted
Term
pilosebaceous
Definition
hair secretes sebum
Term
pyoderma
Definition
pus with skin
Term
rhytidectomy
Definition
face lift
reconstructive plastic surgery for wrinkles
Term
seborrhea
Definition
sebum flowing through
Term
squamous epithelium
Definition
condition of scale-like epithelium
Term
sebaceous cyst
Definition
fat tumor (benign)
Term
trichomycosis
Definition
condition of hair fungus
Term
subungual
Definition
pertaining to below the nail
Term
xanthoma
Definition
yellow tumor
Term
xerorma
Definition
dry skin
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