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Anatomical Movement and Direction
Different Plains of Anatomical Positions
21
Anatomy
Not Applicable
12/14/2020

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Term
posterior
Definition
Towards or on the back of the body: (Opposite of anterior) Behind. EXAMPLE: The rhomboids are on the posterior aspect of the body.
Term
anterior
Definition
Toward or on the front of the body: in front of: (Opposite of posterior) The pectorals are on the anterior aspect of the body.
Term
lateral
Definition
Away form the midline of the body: outer side
The abductors are on the lateral aspect of the leg
Term
medial
Definition
Toward or at the midline of the body: inner side
The adductors are medial to the abductors
Term
Inferior or caudal
Definition
Toward the lower part of a structure: The tibia is inferior to the femur. (Opposite of superior)
Term
Superior or cranial
Definition
Toward the head or upper part of a structure: above
The humerus is superior to the radius
Term
External rotate
Definition
Rotate away. (Opposite of internal rotation)
Term
Flexion
Definition
refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. (opposite of extension)
Term
Extension
Definition
Movement that increases the angle between two body parts. (Opposite of flexion) EXAMPLE: While standing, the knees are extended.
Term
Pronation/prone
Definition
Term used to describe rotation of the arms to be palms down or the body lying face down. (Opposite of supination/supinate)
Term
supination/supine
Definition
Term used to describe the body as facing forward or facing up while lying down. (Opposite of pronation/prone)
Term
Distal
Definition
Further from the origin or point of reference
The foot is distal to the knee
Term
Proximal
Definition
Closer to the origin of a point of reference
The elbow is proximal to the wrist
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts.
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition
lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and
posterior parts
Term
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
Definition
The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into superior and
inferior parts
Term
Protraction
Definition
The act of moving an anatomical part forward. (Opposite of Retraction) EXAMPLE: Pushing your shoulders forward.
Term
Retraction
Definition
The act of moving an anatomical part backward. (Opposite of protraction)
Term
circumduction
Definition
Cone shaped movement. The movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle. It involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint.
Term
Abduction
Definition
Movement away from the midline of the body. (Opposite of adduction)
Term
Adduction
Definition
Movement toward the midline. (Opposite abduction)
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