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ANAT315 - Gluteal Region & Hip Joint
N/A
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/15/2011

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Term
Comparison of strength + mobility of upper and lower limbs
Definition
Upper Limb = more mobile, weaker
Lower Limb = stronger, less mobile
Term
Main functions of lower limb?
Definition
Locomotion & weight bearing
Term
3 bones which fuse to form the hip bone?
Definition
Ileum, Ischium, Pubis
Term
Superior-most portion of the hip bone?
Definition
Iliac Crest
Term
Greater Sciatic Notch
Definition
Inferior to PIIS at narrowing of iliac blade; inferiorly ileum fuses w/ ischium
Term
Relation of ischium to pubis & ileum
Definition
INFERIOR to ILEUM & POSTERIOR to PUBIS
Term
Lowest part of the hip bone?
Definition
Ischial Tuberosity
Term
What part of the hip are we sitting on when we sit down?
Definition
Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Spine of Ischium
Definition
Defines inferior portion of greater sciatic notch; superior to the lesser sciatic notch & ischial tuberosity
Term
Which hip bones surround the obturator foramen?
Definition
The ISCHIUM and the PUBIS
Term
Where is the obturator foramen not covered by the obturator membrane?
Definition
Superior border of foramen (obturator canal)
Term
Acetabulum
Definition
Inverted horseshoe articular surface; all 3 hip bones contribute to it; socket for head of femur
Term
Components of Sacroiliac Joint
Definition
Synovial - auricular surfaces of the ileum (posterior) and sacrum (lateral) articulate; slight movement
Fibrous - above + posterior to synovial; fibers run between tubercle of ileum to sacrum
Term
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Definition
From sacrum to the tubercle of the ischium; superficial and slightly superior compared to sacrospinous ligament
Term
Sacrospinous Ligament
Definition
From inferior sacrum to the ischial spine; deep and slightly inferior to the sacrotuberous ligament
Term
Functions of the sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments?
Definition
- Close off greater & lesser sciatic notches to form greater & lesser sciatic foramina
- Prevent tilting of the pelvis
Term
Head of Femur
Definition
2/3 of a sphere; articulates w/ acetabulum of pelvis
Term
What bones form the bony pelvis?
Definition
The sacrum & two iliac bones
Term
Length of neck of femur?
Definition
5 cm
Term
Greater & Lesser Trochanter
Definition
Greater is superior and more lateral than lesser
Lesser is visible only from the posterior aspect, whereas greater can be seen from either side
Term
Intertrochanteric Line vs. Crest
Definition
Line = anterior
Crest = posterior; more prominent
Term
Gluteal Tubercle
Definition
On posterior of femur, inferior to the greater trochanter; insertion point for the deep 1/3 of gluteus maximus
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
O - linearly from posterior iliac blade, sacroiliac joint & sacrotuberous ligament
I - gluteal tuberosity (deep 1/3), ITB (superficial 2/3)
A - EXTEND and LATERALLY rotate thigh
I - inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
O - middle of external iliac blade
I - greater trochanter
A - MEDIALLY rotate thigh; ABDUCT thigh
I - superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
O - anterior part of external iliac blade
I - greater trochanter
A - MEDIALLY rotate the thigh; ABDUCT thigh
I - superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Term
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Definition
O - ASIS
I - IT band
A - tenses the IT band
I - superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
Term
Lateral Rotators of the Thigh
Definition
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Superior & Inferior
Obturator Externus
Quadratus Femoris
Term
Lateral Rotators of the Thigh
Definition
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Superior & Inferior
Obturator Externus
Quadratus Femoris
Term
Which lateral rotators behave as a functional unit?
Definition
The obturator internus and the gemelli (superior & inferior)
Term
Piriformis
Definition
O - inner pelvis & anterior sacrum
I - passes through greater sciatic foramen to insert onto greater tubercle
A - lateral rotation of femur
I - S1, S2
Term
Obturator Internus
Definition
O - inside of obturator membrane
I - through lesser sciatic foramen to greater trochanter
A - lateral rotation of femur
I - L4, L5, S1, S2
Term
Gemellus Superior and Inferior
Definition
O - on each side of the obturator foramen (sandwich the OI muscle)
I - greater trochanter
A - lateral rotation of femur
I (Superior) - L4, L5, S1, S2
I (Inferior) - L4, L5, S1
Term
Obturator Externus
Definition
O - outside of obturator membrane
I - base of greater trochanter
A - lateral rotation of femur
I - obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Term
Quadratus Femoris
Definition
O - ischial tuberosity
I - intertrochanteric crest
A - lateral rotation of femur
I - L4, L5, S1
Term
Lumbar Plexus (top to bottom w/ nerve roots):
Definition
Ilioinguinal (T12, L1)
Iliohypogastric (T12, L1)
Genitofemoral (L1, L2)
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2, L3)
Femoral (L2-L4)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5)
Term
Sacral Plexus (top to bottom w/ nerve roots)
Definition
Superior Gluteal (L4, L5, S1)
Inferior Gluteal (L5, S1, S2)
Sacral Sciatic (S1, S2, S3)
Pudendal (S2, S3, S4)
Term
What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?
Definition
Lumbosacral Trunk (L4, L5) and Sacral Sciatic (S1, S2, S3)
Term
Innervation from genitofemoral nerve?
Definition
From lumbar plexus (L1, L2); sensory to inner thigh and motor to cremaster muscle
Term
Where do the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric regions innervate?
Definition
The lower abdominal wall; both have T12 and L1 as roots
Term
Passage of superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve vs. inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve in gluteal region...
Definition
Superior -> pass through greater sciatic foramen to enter region above piriformis
Inferior -> enter region below piriformis
Term
2 augmentations of the acetabulum:
Definition
Acetabular notch exists inferiorly and is filled by the transverse acetabular ligament
Acetabular labrum is a lip of fibrocartilage surrounding the fossa
Term
Synovial Capsule of the Hip Joint
Definition
Extends from edge of acetabulum to the neck of the femur to encapsulate the head
Term
Fibrous Capsule of the Hip Joint
Definition
Iliofemoral Ligament - most important; from AIIS to intertrochanteric line on anterior femur
Pubofemoral Ligament - maintains medial aspect
Ischiofemoral Ligament - maintains posterior aspect
Term
Anastomosis around hip joint receives its branches from...
Definition
Obturator Artery, Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries, Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Arteries
Term
Fovea Capitis
Definition
Small artery running from within the acetabulum to the head of the femur
Term
Adductor Tubercle
Definition
Located on medial epicondyle of the femur
Term
What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply?
Definition
Gluteus medius & minimus, TFL
Term
What muscle does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
Definition
Gluteus maximus
Term
Shape of articular surface of acetabulum?
Definition
Inverted horseshoe
Term
What is the most important ligament forming the fibrous capsule around the hip joint?
Definition
Iliofemoral ligament - inverted V-shape from AIIS to itnertrochanteric line
Term
Intercondylar Notch vs. Eminence
Definition
Notch = on femur
Eminence = on tibia
Term
Where does the IT band insert onto?
Definition
Gerdy's tubercle -> lateral tibia
Term
Where does the subsartorial canal run from?
Definition
The apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus
Term
Most medial muscle of the adductors of the thigh?
Definition
Gracilis
Term
Most superior muscle of the adductors of the thigh?
Definition
Pectineus
Term
Where does the obturator artery branch from?
Definition
The internal iliac artery
Term
What are the two branches of the obturator nerve?
Definition
Anterior & posterior
Term
How many true hamstrings are there?
Definition
3 - semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps femoris
Term
Where are the arcuate and pectineal lines located and what do they separate?
Definition
Arcuate line = interior of ileum
Pectineal line = interior of pubis
Above these lines is the FALSE pelvis, below these lines is the TRUE pelvis
Term
Which adductor has the top insertion on the linea aspera?
Definition
The pectineus
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