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Anat: Larynx
Exam 2: Lecture 8
45
Anatomy
Graduate
09/15/2013

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Term
Functions of larynx (3)
Definition
phonation: vibration of TVCs for voice production
respiration: adjustment of glottic aperature according to need
swallowing: protects the upper airway
Term
laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) made of anterior union of two laminae of
Definition
thyroid cartilage
Term
signet ring shaped cartilage with arch anteriorly & lamina posteriorly
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
only portion of larynx & trachea that forms a *complete ring around airway
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
pyramid-shaped cartilage; has a vocal process and a muscular process
Definition
arytenoid cartilage
Term
ligament extending from thyroid cartilage to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage; directly involved in *voice production & *respiratory protection
Definition
vocal ligament (TVC)
Term
these  M.s attach to muscular processes of arytenoid cartilage (2)
Definition
PCAM & LCAM
Term
this contains numerous perforations, serving very little barrier to diseases; opens & closes to allow food down esophagus or air through trachea
Definition
epiglottis
Term
space found superior to epiglottis; AKA: "little ditch"
Definition
vallecula
Term
nonfunctional cartilage found atop arytenoid cartilage
Definition
corniculate cartilage
Term
synovial joint found between cricoid & *arytenoid cartilages; allows rotation & gliding of arytenoid cartilage
Definition
cricoarytenoid joint
Term
synovial joint found between cricoid & *thyroid cartilages; allows rotation & gliding movements
Definition
cricothyroid joint
Term
membrane connecting thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
Definition
thyrohyoid membrane
Term
membrane located in upper half of larynx that bridges gap between lateral borders of arytenoid & epiglottic cartilages
Definition
quadrangular membrane
Term
superior border of quadrangular membrane is free and forms this structure
Definition
aryepiglottic fold
Term
inferior limit of quadrangular membrane is a weak vestibular ligament supporting this structure
Definition
vestibular fold (FVC/false vocal fold)
Term
structure located in lower half of larynx which runs from cricoid cartilage to vocal ligament, forming an elastic cone
Definition
conus elasticus
Term
space found on interior/cavity of larynx: located between inlet & FVCs
Definition
vestibule
Term
space found on interior/cavity of larynx: deep spindle recess between FVCs & TVCs
Definition
ventricle
Term
space found on interior/cavity of larynx: rims glottidis (space between VCs) + vocal folds
Definition
glottis
Term
space found on interior/cavity of larynx: located below TVCs and lower border of cricoid cartilage
Definition
infraglottic space
Term
MOST of laryngeal M.s are innervated by this branch of vagus N. (CN X)
Definition
recurrent laryngeal N.
Term

laryngeal M. which is NOT innervated by recurrent laryngeal N.;

Action: draws arch of cricoid *posteriorly & *superiorly resulting in *tightening & *elongating of VCs;

**PRIMARY TENSOR of TVCs; responsible for ability to reach **HIGH notes

Definition
cricothyroid M.
Term
cricothyroid M.: innervation
Definition
external laryngeal N. (branch of vagus N. (CN X))
Term
extrinsic laryngeal M. group: suprahyoid M.s (4)
Definition
stylohyoid digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid
Term
extrinsic laryngeal M. group: suprahyoid M.s - function
Definition
elevate hyoid bone & larynx
Term
extrinsic laryngeal M. group: infrahyoid M.s - function
Definition
depress hyoid bone & larynx
Term
extrinsic laryngeal M. group: infrahyoid M.s (3)
Definition
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid
Term

M. originating from cricoid cartilage & inserting onto *muscular process of arytenoid cartilage;

contraction causes muscular process to rotate *anteriorly & *laterally leading to **ADduction of glottis

Definition
lateral cricoarytenoid M.
Term

M. originating from cricoid cartilage & inserting onto *muscular process of arytenoid cartilage;

contraction causes muscular process to rotate *posteriorly, *medially, & *downward leading to **ABduction of glottis;

**THIS IS THE ONLY ABductor OF GLOTTIS

Definition
posterior cricoarytenoid M.
Term
this M. is the ONLY unpaired M. of the laryngeal M.s; stretches between posterior surfaces of two arytenoid cartilages; contracts to close posterior commissure of arytenoid cartilages (*ADduction)
Definition
transverse and oblique arytenoid M.s
Term
M.s which pull epiglottis backward (posterior) when they contract
Definition
aryepiglottic M.s
Term
M.s which pull epiglottis forward (anterior) when they contract
Definition
thyroepiglottic M.s
Term
M.s which pull arytenoid cartilage anteriorly (toward thyroid cartilage), resulting in *decreased tension on the vocal cords
Definition
thyroarytenoid M.s
Term
M.s which originate from inner aspect of thyroid cartilage & insert *into vocal ligament; contraction allows for minute changes in specific areas of vocal folds
Definition
vocalis M.s
Term
superior A. supply to larynx is from this A., which is a branch off of superior thyroid A. (of external carotid A.)
Definition
superior laryngeal A.
Term
inferior A. supply to larynx is from this A., which is a branch off of inferior thyroid A. (branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian A.)
Definition
inferior laryngeal A.
Term
lymphatic drainage is divided by these structures
Definition
TVCs
Term
these laryngeal lymphatics drain through floor of *piriform recess, to ultimately gain access to the deep cervical nodes
Definition
superior (supraglottic) lymphatics
Term
these laryngeal lymphatics drain into *pre-tracheal nodes (in front of/anterior to trachea) and into *paratracheal nodes (lateral to trachea), to ultimately gain access to deep cervical nodes
Definition
inferior (infraglottic) lymphatics
Term
superior laryngeal N. gives off these branches (2)
Definition
external laryngeal N. internal laryngeal N.
Term
motor innervation to cricothyroid M. is via this N.
Definition
external laryngeal N.
Term
sensory innervation ABOVE TVCs is via this N.
Definition
internal laryngeal N.
Term
motor innervation to ALL laryngeal M.s EXCEPT cricothyroid is via this N.
Definition
recurrent laryngeal N.
Term
sensory innervation BELOW TVCs is via this N.
Definition
recurrent laryngeal N.
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