Term
| Consequences of dorsal root damage |
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Definition
| loss of all sensation (anesthesia) and reflexes (areflexia) from areas that depend on this spinal cord segment |
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Term
| What is the most important descending tract? |
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Definition
| LCST (Lateral Corticoprinal Tract) |
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Term
| What info does the LCST carry? |
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Definition
| tells muscles what to do (intended movement) |
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Term
| Lateral course of the LCST |
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Definition
- fibers originate from cell bodies in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe--Upper motor neurons
- UMN crosses (decussates) below medulla to contralateral side and synapses on a lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord |
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Term
| Motor neuron syndromes: Upper and Lower |
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Definition
| Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome: muscle weakness, can still contract by reflex, no atrophy - Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome (damage to ventral root or ventral horn): muscle weakness, can never contract, atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve |
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Term
| Spinal cord level that innervates: Back of the head |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord level that innervates: Nipple Line |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord level that innervates: Umbilicus |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord level that innervates: Lateral foot |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord level that innervates: Perianal region |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you use your knowledge of the dermatomes to make neurological diagnosis? |
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Definition
- can get a good idea of what spinal nerve is damaged by what area has loss of sensation
- can tell what level of spinal cord
- levels of a herniated disc
- level to anesthetize
- level involved in shingles |
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Term
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Definition
- a viral infection, causes chicken po to lie dormant in the DRG
- it can be activated under times of stress
- vaccine is available |
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Term
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Definition
- where spinal nerves mix together after exiting the cord
- formed when multiple ventral rami come together |
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Term
| 3 major plexuses and what they innervate |
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Definition
1. brachial plexus: innervates the upper limbs
2. Lumbar plexus: innervates the lower limbs
3. Sacral plexus: innervates the lower limbs as well |
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Term
| Name the 5 terminal branches of the Brachial Plexus that are responsible for most of the innervation of the upper limb |
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Definition
1. Axillary
2. Musculocutaneous
3. Median
4. Radial
5. Ulnar |
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Term
| Name the 2 branches of the lumbar plexus that supply most of the muscles in the anterior and medial thigh |
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Definition
1. Femoral nerve
2. Obturator nerve |
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Term
| The two divisions of the sciatic nerve (the largest nerve of the sacral plexus) |
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Definition
1. Common fibular nerve
2. Tibial nerve |
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Term
| Corpus callosum (in the brain) |
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Definition
- bunch of axons
- hold hemispheres together |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed areas of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated areas of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
-external
- bundles of cell bodies |
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Term
| White matter in the brain |
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Definition
- internal
- bundles of axons |
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Term
| Why is the gray matter on the outside? |
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Definition
| - the folded contour of the brain provides more area for the cell bodies |
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Term
| Protective coverings of the brain |
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Definition
| Cranial Meninges: Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater |
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Term
| Dura mater, Arachnoid, and the Pia Mater in the brain |
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Definition
Dura mater: the tough outer layer
Arachnoid: middle layer that borders the subarachnoid space, contains CSF
Pia mater: the innermost delicate layer that follows all the contours of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
- fused to the inner surface of the skull, so NO epidural space
- separates into 2 layers: Dural reflections and Dural sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
Falx cerebri and the Tentorium cerebelli
- where the two layers of the dura mater separate
- purpose: to stabilize the brain's position to prevent it from moving too much during a blow to the head |
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Term
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Definition
| collect the venous blood from the brain and return the CSF back to the vascular sys |
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Term
| Hematomas--epidural and subdural |
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Definition
-epidural: when arteries are ruptured during a skull injury, more serious, high pressure bleeds
- subdural: occur when cerebral veins that lead into sinuses are torn, low pressure bleeds, not as serious |
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Term
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Definition
| Spaces in the brain lined with ependymal cells and lined with CSF; two lateral ventricles, third, and fourth |
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Term
| Purpose of openings in the fourth ventricle |
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Definition
| allow CSF to pass into the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
-protrude through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus
- allow CSF to drain from the subarachnoid space into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral ventricles --> third --> fourth ventricle --> subarachnoid space --> sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
- protects the brain chemically, b/c chemical conditions must be controlled to ensure that AP's can occur
- tight junctions hold endothelial cells; control exchange of substances between the nervous tissue and the blood
- easily crosses: sugars, nutrients, waste prodects |
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Term
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Definition
| Mid-brain, pons, medulla; connects the brain and spinal cord; origin of 10 cranial nerves |
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Term
| Cranial nerves are not all the same: |
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Definition
| They may contain only one or several types of fibers: general sensory, special sensory, somatomotor/branchiomotor (to sk muslce), visceromotor |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Some Saps Marry Money But My Brother Says Bucks Break Many Marriages |
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Term
| Brainstem has Cranial nerves ____ |
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Definition
| III-XII, except XI; DO NOT contain I and II |
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Term
| Cranial Nerves of the Midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| Oculomotor nerve--general function |
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Definition
- major nerves to eye
- innervates sk muscles to the eye (somatomotor) and muscles in the eye (visceromotor) |
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Term
| Trochlear nerve: general func |
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Definition
| - Innervates the superior oblique (somatomotor) |
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Term
| The midbrain also contains |
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Definition
| cerebral peduncles and substania nigra |
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Term
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Definition
| corticospinal fibers; descending tract |
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Term
| Substantia nigra--function |
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Definition
| - importance source of DA, what gets damaged if you have Parkinsons |
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Term
| Cranial Nerves of the Pons |
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Definition
| 5-6-7-8-who do we appreciate? Pons! Pons! Pons! |
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Term
| Trigeminal nerve-- what it innervates? |
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Definition
- sensory from skin of the face and teeth
- motor to muscles of mastication |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral rectus: the eye muscle that abducts your eye |
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Term
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Definition
- motor to muscles of facial expression
- taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- viseromotor to almost all glands of the head |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates the inner ear; special senses of balance and hearing |
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