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ANAT 215 cards
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200
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2012

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Term
pelvic girdle:
bones?
function?
Definition
2 coxal bones
support of internal (visceral) organs / attachment of axial skeleton to lower limb
Term
ilium
location / size
Definition
largest / most superior
Term
ASIS
name / function
Definition
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac crest terminates anteriorly
Term
iliac crest
function?
Definition
superior margin of pelvic ilium
attachment of ligaments
Term
PSIS
name / function
Definition
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
iliac crest ends posteriorly
Term
dimples of venus
Definition
PSIS ligament attachment to skin creates dimples at lower back
Term
PIIS
name / function
Definition
posterior inferior iliac spine
along inferior border of iliac
Term
AIIS
name / function
Definition
anterior inferior iliac spine
along inferior border of iliac
Term
Greater sciatic notch
Definition
posterior to ischium
sciatic nerve runs thru here
Term
acruate line
Definition
anterior surface, divides upper / lower pelvis
Term
iliac fossa
Definition
anterior / medial surface
concave, supports abdominal organs / muscle attachment
Term
ischium
Definition
medium size
posterior/inferior
strongest
Term
lesser sciatic notch
Definition
posterior / inferior to > sciatic notch (forms small foramen)
Term
ischial spine
Definition
prominence separating <(below) > (above) sciatic notches
Term
ischial tuberosity
Definition
large, bony prominence inferior
"sit bones"
Term
ischial ramus
joins with?
Definition
branch projecting anteriorly joining with inferior ramus of pubis
Term
pubis
Definition
anterior, inferior
Term
body of pubis
Definition
flattened dorsally
articulates with other coxal bone
Term
super/inferior rami
Definition
extend laterally from body
Term
pubic symphysis
Definition
fibrous cartilage (symphysis joint) connecting pubis of each coxal bone
Term
pubic crest
Definition
rounded prominence, superior surface of superior ramus
Term
pubic tubercle
Definition
lateral end of pubic crest
Term
pubic arch
Definition
pubis + pubis symphysis
Term
oburator foramen
Definition
encircled by ischial / pubic rami
Term
acetabulum
what articulates here?
Definition
foramen created from all 3 bones, lateral side of coxal bones
-head of humerus articulates here
Term
femur
Definition
longest bone in body
"thigh bone"
3x length = body height
Term
head of femur
Definition
articulates with acetabulum
Term
fovea
Definition
pit on head, containing ligament attaching to acetabulum
Term
neck of femur
Definition
joints shaft and head at approx. 125 degrees
Term
greater trochanter
Definition
lateral to head of femur
Term
lesser trochanter
Definition
inferior / medial to greater trochanter
Term
intertrochantic line
Definition
connects <> trochanters (anterior view)
Term
gluteal tuberosity
Definition
muscle attachment site
posterior / lateral
Term
shaft of femur
Definition
smooth anteriorly / rough posteriorly
Term
linea aspera
Definition
broad, rough line on posterior surface
Term
medial / lateral supracondylar ridges
Definition
project from linea aspera (triangle shape formed)
Term
popliteal surface
Definition
made from medial / lateral supracondyle rigdes, containing poplitea fossa
Term
medial / lateral condyles
Definition
distal end / articulates with proximal head of TIBIA
Term
Medial / lateral epicondyles of the femur
Definition
bony prominence on outer surface of condyles (ligament attachment)
Term
intercondylar fossa
Definition
separates condyles on posterior surace
Term
platellar surface
Definition
v-shaped trench, articulates with platella
Term
platella
type of bone?
Definition
seasmoid bone
Term
leg
how many bones?
which bone is weight bearing?
Definition
tibia / fibula
tibia = weight bearing (therefore larger)
fibula = small, non-weight bearing, lateral
Term
tibia
Definition
shin bone, weight bearing
Term
medial / lateral condyles of tibia
which end?
articulations?
Definition
proximal end
interact with med/lat condyles of FEMUR
Term
intercondylar eminence
Definition
ridge separating med / lateral condyles
Term
tibial tuberosity
Definition
prominence on ANTERIOR surface
Term
anterior border (margin) of tibia
Definition
originates from tibial tuberosity, extends distally
Term
interosseus border
Definition
lateral aspect of tibia, connects to shaft of fibula via interosseous membrane
Term
popliteal (soleal) line
mechanism?
Definition
ridge on PROXIMAL / POSTERIOR surface
mechanism --> attachment site for muscles
Term
medial malleolus
location?
forms?
Definition
located medial distal end of tibia
forms medial wall of ankle bone
Term
fibular notch
Definition
deep triangular notch
lateral distal end, where head of fibula attaches
Term
fibula
Definition
small, lateral leg bone
Term
head of fibula
articulates with?
Definition
expansion of proximal shaft
interacts with lateral tibial condyle
Term
tibiofibular joint
location?
Definition
where tibia / fibula join
lateral tibial condyle / head of fibula
Term
shaft of fibula
shape?
articulations?
Definition
triangle shape
connects to tibial interosseous line of tibia via interosseous membrane
Term
lateral malleolus
Definition
distal expansion of fibula shaft
lateral ankle wall
Term
how many....
tarsals?
metatarsals?
phalanges?
Definition
tarsals = 7
metatarsals = 5
phalanges = 14
Term
how many bones are in the vertebral column?
Definition
26
Term
how many cervical vertebrae?
Definition
7
Term
how many thoracic vertebrae?
Definition
12
Term
how many lumbar vertebrae?
Definition
5
Term
how many bones is the sacrum fused?
Definition
5
Term
how many bones in the coccyx?
Definition
3-5 (4) fused
Term
which spinal curves are primary?
Definition
sacral / thoracic
Term
which spinal cords are secondary?
Definition
cervical / lumbar
Term
what differs in spinous processes b/w thoracic vertebrae and other vertebrae?
Definition
thoracic spinous processes extend posteriorly, where the others extend inferiorly
Term
what is a pedicle?
Definition
articulates with the vertebral body
Term
what is a laminae?
Definition
extend dorsomedially from the body
Term
what is a spinous process?
Definition
where two laminae meet
Term
transverse process of vertebrae
Definition
where pedicle / laminae meet
Term
articular processes of vertebrae
Definition
super articulates with inferior above it / vice versa
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
large foramen, where spinal cord runs
Term
intervertebral foramina
Definition
nerves / vessels pass through (notches in vertebra form openings)
Term
what is special about C1 and C2?
Definition
C1 (atlas) - articulates with occipital condyles of occipital bone
C2 (axis) - articulates with C1 via ondontoid process (provides rotation of the head)
Term
where do you find bifid spinous processes?
Definition
in cervical vertebrae
Term
what do thoracic vertebrae articulate with? how?
Definition
ribs via articular facets / demifacets
Term
what shape is the foramen in a lumbar vertabrae?
Definition
triangular
Term
what is the sacral promontory?
Definition
1st vertebrae of sacrum with wide ridge
Term
what is the sacral canal?
Definition
where spinal cord passes thru
Term
sacral hiatus
Definition
bottom opening of sacral canal
Term
median (sacral) crest
Definition
follows midline of sacrum, bone ridge where spinous processes would be
Term
intervertebral disks
Definition
fibrous cartilage (plane joint) where one body articulates with another body
Term
what is the function of the thoracic cage?
Definition
-supports / protects thoracic organs (i.e. lungs, heart)
-aids in breath mechanics (increases lung volume)
Term
how many pairs of ribs are there?
true?
false?
floating?
Definition
12 ribs
1-7 true ribs
8-12 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs
Term
which ribs are ATYPICAL? why?
Definition
1 --> short, flat, not seen externally
2 --> increased angle
11/12 --> shorter, different curves, no neck / tubercle
Term
subcostal angle
Definition
created by false ribs cartilage towards the xiphoid process
Term
what is the costal margin?
Definition
lower edge of chest, formed by bottom edge of ribcage
Term
what does the costal groove contain?
Definition
vein, artery, nerve
Term
what 3 parts are the sternum made of?
Definition
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Term
manubrium
articulations?
notches?
Definition
superior portion of sternum (sternal angle = body + manubrium meet)
articulates with clavicle via CLAVICULAR NOTCHES
jugular notch = where vein sits (superior)
Term
what does the body of the sternum articulate with?
Definition
ribs 2-7
Term
xiphoid process
angles?
Definition
interior / posterior projection of sternum
xiphisternal junction = rib 7 connects with stern / xiphoid
Term
how many intercostals are there?
Definition
3 - innermost, internal, external
Term
transversus thoracic
Definition
crosses inner surface of ribcage, covered by pleural membrane
Term
intercostal space
Definition
b/w internal / innermost intercostals, where costal groove sits
Term
external obliques
Definition
run posterior/superior to anterior/inferior
Term
internal obliques
Definition
run posterior/inferior to anterior/superior
Term
rectus abdominis
Definition
forms "6-pack"
Term
tendinous inscriptions
Definition
bands of fibrous tissue dividing rectus abdominis into segments
Term
linea alba
Definition
ligament connecting opposing sides of rectus abdominis
Term
what does the muscular thoracic diaphragm do?
Definition
-separates abdominal / thoracic cavities
-aids in breathing mechanics (contraction increases pleural volume)
Term
what is the pelvic girdle made up of?
Definition
2 scapulae, 2 clavicle
Term
clavicle
differing ends?
Definition
s-shaped bone
sternal end = more robust, articulates with sternum
acromial end = flattened, articulates with acromion of the scapula
Term
sternoclavicular joint
Definition
where clavicle articulates with manubrium
Term
scapulae
Definition
triangular shaped bone (shoulder blade)
Term
scapulae borders
Definition
medial, superior, lateral
Term
angles of scapulae
Definition
inferior, superior, lateral
Term
subscapular fossa
Definition
on anterior surface of scapula
-rotator cuff origin
Term
coracoid process
Definition
hook-like projection on superior border, lateral side of scapula
-muscle attachment (pectoralis major)
Term
acromion
Definition
projection of spine on lateral / posterior end
-articulates with clavicle
Term
supraspinous fossa
Definition
located above the spine of scapula, on posterior side
Term
infraspinous fossa
Definition
located below spine of scapula on posterior side
Term
head of humerus
Definition
articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula
Term
greater tubercle
Definition
proximal / lateral end, bony prominence for muscle origin / insertion (on humerus)
Term
lesser tubercle
Definition
proximal / medial / anterior end, smaller bony prominence for rotator cuff insertion
Term
intertubercular (bicipital) groove
Definition
goes to shaft of humerus
- contains 3 facets: superior, medial, inferior
Term
deltoid tuberosity
Definition
mid-shaft, where deltoid muscle inserts
Term
medial / lateral condyles of humerus
Definition
-nerve runs under medial condyle
-articulate with radius / ulna
Term
trochlea
articulations?
Definition
pulley-shaped prominence that extends posteriorly
-articulates with ulna
Term
capitulum (lateral)
Definition
projects anteriorly / inferiorly, articulates with head of radius
Term
coronoid fossa
Definition
superior to trochlea, articulates with coronoid process of ulna upon flexion
Term
olecranon fossa
Definition
posterior fossa, articulates with olecranon process of ulna
Term
is the radius medial or lateral forearm bone?
Definition
lateral (thumb)
Term
head of radius
Definition
articulates with capitulum of humerus
Term
ulnar notch
Definition
articulates with ulna
medial to styloid process
Term
olecranon process
Definition
articulates with olecranon fossa of humerus
Term
coronoid process
Definition
articulates with coronoid fossa of humerus in flexion
Term
radial notch
Definition
articulates with radius
Term
supination vs pronation
Definition
supination - elbows bent, palms up
pronation - elbows bent, palms down
Term
how many...
carpals?
metacarpals?
phalanges?
Definition
carpals - 8
metacarpals - 5
phalanges - 14
Term
what restricts ABduction of the wrist?
Definition
styloid process of radius
Term
pectoralis minor
insert?
origin?
action?
Definition
origin - ribs 3-5
insertion - Coracoid process
action - down / forward rib movement
Term
serratus anterior
origin?
insert?
action?
Definition
origin - 8 upper ribs
insert - anterior surface of medial scapula border
action - protraction
Term
trapezius
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - occipital bone / T12
insert - higher fibers: acromion / clavicle, middle: spine of scapula, lower: spine of scapula
action - higher: protraction / elevation. middle: retraction / depression, lower: retraction
Term
rhomboid major
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - upper T vertebrae
insert - medial border, below spine of scapula
action -
Term
rhomboid minor
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - C7-T1
insert - medial border, base of spine of scapula
Term
levator scapulae
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - cervical vertibrae
insert - medial border above spine of scapula
action - elevates scapula
Term
pectoralis major
origin
insertion
action
Definition
origin - clavicle / costal cartilage / sternum
insert - lateral side of bicipital groove
action - ADduction, flexion, extention
Term
latissimus dorsi
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - pelvic girdle / L vertebrae / lower T vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs
insert - bicipital groove
action - arm extension / medial rotation / ADduction
Term
deltoid
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - acromion / clavicle / spine of scapula
insert - deltoid tuberosity
action - ABduction, anterior: flexion / medial rotation, posterior: extension / lateral rotation
Term
terres major
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lower lateral border of scapula spine
insert - bicipital groove
action - medial rotation / extension / ADduction
Term
terres minor
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - same as major (lateral border)
insert - greater tubercle
action - same as major
Term
infraspinatus
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - infraspinous fossa
insert - greater tubercle
action - lateral rotation
Term
supraspinatus
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - supraspinous fossa
insert - greater tubercle
action - ABduction
Term
subscapularis
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - subscapular fossa
insert - lesser tubercle
Term
corobrachiallis
origin
insert
action / oddity
Definition
origin - coracoid process
insert - 1/2 way down humerus
action - humerus contraction
oddity - no forearm flexion, but within comparment
Term
biceps brachii
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - long head: glenoid fossa (tendon thru bicipital groove), short head: coracoid process
insert: radial tiberosity
action - flexor in supination / supinator
Term
brachailis
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lower anterior shaft of humerus
insert - insert @ ulna (tendon crosses elbow)
action - elbow flexion
Term
triceps brachii
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin: long head: glenoid fossa, lateral: proximal shaft of humerus, medial: from proximal humerus shaft (lower)
insert - olecranon of ulna (crosses elbow joint)
action - forearm extensor
Term
pronator quadratus
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - ulna
insert - radius
action - forearm pronation
Term
pronator terres
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
insert - lateral radial surface
action - forearm pronation
Term
supinator
origin
insert
Definition
origin - lateral side of humerus
insert - radius
Term
flexor carpi radialis
origin
insert
action / finger
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - 2, 3 metacarpals
action - ABduction
finger - index
Term
pronator teres
origin
insert
action / finger
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - styloid process of radius
oddity - does not cross wrist joint
finger - thumb
Term
palmaris longus
origin
insert
action / finger
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - thick skin of palm
action - weak hand flexor
finger - ring
**MAY BE ABSENT
Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin
insert
action / finger
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert- 5th metacarpal / carpal bone
action - wrist ADduction
Term
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin
insert
action / finger
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - 1 tendon to every finger
action - finger flexor
finger- middle (deep to ring)
Term
flexor retinaculum
muscle type
action
Definition
circular muscle enclosing wrist tendons
action - holds tendons / muscles in place as they cross wrist joint
Term
brachioradialis
origin
insertion
action
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - styloid process of radius
action - flexes forearm (oddity)
Term
extensor carpi radialis longus
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 2nd metacarpal
action - extends wrist / ABduction
Term
extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 3rd metacarpal
action - wrist extension / ABduction
Term
extensor digitorum
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 4 tendons 1/finger
action - extends finger
Term
extensor digitorum minimi
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lateral condyle
insert - pinky finger
action - extension
Term
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin
insert
action
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyly
insert - pinky metacarpal
action - extension / ADduction
Term
gluteal maximus
Definition
origin - external surface of ilium / sacrum / coccyx
insert - deep: gluteal tuberosity, superficial: iliotibial tract
action - extends thigh @ hip / lateral hip rotation
Term
gluteal medius
Definition
origin - upper/middle portion of ilium
insert - greater trochanter
action - thigh ABduction (at hip) / medial rotation
Term
gluteal minimus
Definition
origin - ileum (deep to medius)
insert - greater trochanter
action - ABduction / medial hip rotation
Term
tensor fasciaelatae
Definition
origin - ASIS
insert - iliotibial tract
action - support leg when standing
oddity - not lateral, superficial
Term
what are the parts of the iliopsoas? what is the collective function?
Definition
psoas major - long, thick, powerful
-origin @ T12-L5, insert @ LESSER trochanter

iliacus - lateral to major
-origin @ anterior surface of ilium, inserts @ lesser trochanter

function - powerful thigh flexors / hip joint
Term
sartonius
shape?
Definition
shape - long, narrow, strap-like
origin- ASIS
insert - medial side of knee
action - "crossing leg" muscle
Term
how many muscles are in the quadriceps femoris? what are they? what do they all have in common?
Definition
4
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
all insert at the platella
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
quad muscle
origin - ASIS
insert - platella
action - "kicking" muscle
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
origin - linea aspera
insert - platella
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
origin - linea aspera of > trochanter
insert - platella
**ligaments converge with medialis
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
origin - anterior surface of femur
insert - platella
**deep to other quad muscles
Term
hamstrings
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
3 muscles, 4 heads:
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
origin - long: ischeal tuberosity, short: linea aspera
insert - head of fibula
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
insert - medial side of tibia
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
insert - medial side of tibia
Term
gracilis
Definition
origin - pubic bone
insert - medial part of tibial surface
action - medial rotation, moves leg at knee
Term
pectineus
Definition
origin - pubic bone
insert - back of femur, below lesser trochanter
action - flexes thigh @ hip
Term
ADductor longus
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera, below pectineus
Term
ADductor brevis
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera
Term
ADductor longus
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera, tubercle
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
origin - lateral condyle of tibia / proximal tibial shaft / interosseous membrane
insert - medial side of top of foot
action - foot inversion, flexion
Term
extensor hallucis longus
Definition
origin - anterior fibular surface, deep to tibialis anterior
insert - medial phalange
action - weak dorsiflexion
Term
extensor digitorum longus
Definition
origin - upper fibula / interosseous membrane / lateral condyle of tibia
insert - 4 tendons, 1/lateral phalange
action - extends toes / dorsiflexion
Term
peroneus tertius
Definition
origin - lower 1/3 of anterior fibular surface / interosseous membrane
insert - dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal
action - dorsiflexion / foot eversion
Term
extensor retinaculum
function?
Definition
holds tendons / muscles of anterior leg down as they cross the ankle joint
Term
peroneus (fibularis) longus
Definition
origin - upper 2/3 lateral fibular surface
insert - medial side of bottom of foot
action - everts foot / aids in plantar flexion
Term
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Definition
origin - upper 2/3 lateral fibular surface
insert - lateral sie of base 5th metatarsal
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
origin - 2 heads: lateral / medial condyle of femur
insert - converge to form calcaneus (Achilles) tendon, inserting @ posterior heel surface
action - plantar flexion / knee flexion
Term
Achilles tendon
other name
which muscle forms it?
Definition
calcaneus tendon
gastrocnemius
Term
soleus
Definition
origin - posterior tibular / fibular surface
insert - converge with calcaneus tendon
action - plantar flexion
Term
plantaris
Definition
origin - above lateral condyle of femur
insert - posterior surface of calcaneus
action - flexion of leg @ knee / plantar flexion
Term
tibialis posterior
Definition
origin - interosseous membrane, adjacent tib/fib shafts
insert - bottom of foot into medial tarsals
action - plantar flexion, foot inversion
Term
popliteus
Definition
origin - posterior surface of tibia
insert - lateral side of lateral condyle (femur)
action - lateral rotation, leg flexion (@ knee), unlocking of knee
Term
flexor hallucis longus
Definition
origin - lower 2/3 posterior tibial surface / interosseus membrane
insert - distal part of medial phalange
action - phalange flexion, plantar flexion, foot inversion
Term
flexor digitorum longus
Definition
origin - posterior tibial surface / interosseous membrane
insert - 1 tendon crosses heel, 4 tendons (1/lateral phalange)
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