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Anat 100 - Peripheral Nervous System
PNS
96
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2011

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Cards

Term

Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)

Definition
Somatic & autonomic neurons outside CNS
Term

AFFERENT

 

Definition

Sensory nerves

(to CNS)

 

Term

EFFERENT

 

Definition

Motor nerves

(from brain back to body)

 

Term

SOMATIC FIBERS

 

Definition

Fibers that innervate the body wall

 

Term

 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

(ANS)

 

Definition

 Peripheral nerves involved in regulating cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine

 

Term

 NERVE

 

Definition

 A bundle of axons, dendrites or both

 

Term

 MIXED NERVE

 

Definition

 Nerves that contain sensory AND motor axons

 

Term

 ENDONEURIUM

 

Definition

 delicate connective tissue covering that surrounds and holds each nerve fiber

 

Term

 FASCICULUS

 

Definition

 A group of nerve fibers

 

Term

 PERINEURIUM

 

Definition

 sheath of connective tissue that surrounds fasciculus

 

Term

 EPINEURIUM

 

Definition

 Connective tissue covering that surrounds the entire nerve

 

Term

OLFACTORY

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Sensory

Function: smell

 

Term

OPTIC

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Sensory

Function: Vision

 

Term

OCULOMOTOR

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Motor

Function: 4/6 eye muscles

 

Term

TROCHLEAR

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Motor

Function: 1/6 eye muscle

 

Term

TRIGEMINAL

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Both

Function:

(s) Face

(m) chewing

 

Term

ABDUCENS

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Motor

Function: 1/6 eye muscles

 

Term

FACIAL

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Both

Function:

(s) Taste

(m) Face

 

Term

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Sensory

Function: Balance/hearing

 

Term

GLOSSOPHARANGEAL

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Both

Function:

(s) Taste

(m) Pharynx

 

Term

VAGAS

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Both

Function:

(s) Pharynx

(m) Larynx

 

Term

ACCESSORY

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Motor

Function: Neck/Back

(SCM)

 

Term

HYPOGLOSSAL

(CRANIAL NERVE)

 

Definition

Motor

Function: Tongue

 

Term

 SPINAL NERVES

 

Definition

 31 pairs

All contain sensory & Motor fibers

 

Term

 DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

 

Definition

 Dorsal root of each spinal nerve recognized by swelling

 

Term

 PLEXUS

 

Definition

 Spinal nerves in small groups (cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral)

 

Term

CERVICAL

(PLEXUS)

 

Definition

8 pairs

C1-C8

Sensory distribution

 

Term

BRACHIAL

(PLEXUS)

 

Definition

C5-T1

Supply skin & muscle of upper limbs

 

Term

LUMBAR

(PLEXUS)

 

Definition

5 pairs

L1-L4


 

Term

 SACRAL

(PLEXUS)

 

Definition

 5 pairs

L5-S3

 

Term

 DERMATOME

 

Definition

 Section of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

 

Term

 MYOTOME

 

Definition

 A skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receive motor axons from single spinal nerve

 

Term

 REFLEX

 

Definition

 involuntary action

 

Term

 SOMATOSOMATIC

 

Definition

 Reflex: stimulus of sensory receptors - body to body

 

Term

 SOMATOVISCERAL

 

Definition

 Reflex: Body to visceral

 

Term

VISCEROSOMATIC

 

Definition

Reflex: Visceral to body

 

Term

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

Definition

Division of PNS, primarily affects skin, muscles, joints and bones

 

Term

 EXTERORECEPTORS

 

Definition

 Receptors on the outside of our bodies

 

Term

 CONDITIONED REFLEX

 

Definition

 Being aware of stimuli and purposefully adapt our response

 

Term

 MECHANICAL RECEPTORS

 

Definition

 Receptors that have to do with the mechanics of the body

 

Term

MECHANORECEPTORS

 

Definition

M-Receptor: Detect changes in pressure, movement, temperature, or other mechanical forces

 

Term

PACINIAN CORPUSCLE

 

Definition

M-Receptor: Senses brief touch, pressure, & high-frequency vibrations.

 

Term

 MEISSNER'S CORPUSCLE

 

Definition

 M-Receptor: Can identify exact location of touch

 

Term

RUFFINI'S END ORGANS

 

Definition

M-Receptor: Recognize heavy and continuous touch, pressure, steady position and direction of movement

 

Term

MERKEL'S DISKS

 

Definition

M-Receptor: Function in discriminative touch

 

Term

 FREE NERVE ENDINGS

 

Definition

 M-Receptors: Detect temperature (i.e., thermal receptors)

 

Term

 THERMAL RECEPTORS

 

Definition

 Mechanical receptors that detect temperature

 

Term

 NOCICEPTORS

 

Definition

 M-Receptor: Specific free nerve endings that detect painful stimuli

 

Term

 PROPRIOCEPTORS

 

Definition

 M-receptor that provide us with information about position and movement

 

Term

 MUSCLE SPINDLES

 

Definition

 M-Receptor: Stretch receptors that monitor and respond to sudden and excessive lengthening

 

Term

GAMMA MOTOR NEURON

 

Definition

Innervate muscle spindles

 

Term

FLACCID

 

Definition

Muscle that offers little resistance to stretch

 

Term

 HYPOTONIC

 

Definition

 When gamma motor neuron discharge is low

 

Term

 HYPERTONIC / SPASTIC

 

Definition

 Muscle that offers great resistance to stretch

 

Term

 GOLGI TENDON ORGANS

 

Definition

 M-Receptor: Respond to increases in tension

 

Term

 STRETCH REFLEX

 

Definition

 Protective contraction that results when muscle is stretched suddenly or intensely

 

Term

 DUAL INNERVATION

 

Definition

 Most organs contain neurons from sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

 

Term

 TOUCH

(5 SENSES)

 

Definition

 1/5 senses

 

Term

HEARING

(5 SENSES)

 

Definition

1/5 senses

 

Term
AURICLE / PINNA
Definition

Vibrations in the air taken in by external ear

 

Term
EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
Definition

opening in externalo ear

 

Term

 MIDDLE EAR

 

Definition

 Eardrum

Sounds reach tympanic membrane

 

Term

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

Definition

In Middle Ear

AKA; Eardrum

Term

 OSSICLES

(HAMMER, ANVIL, STAPES)

 

Definition

 3 tiny bones in inner ear - Malleus, Incus, Stapes

 

Term

HAMMER

(MALLEUS)

(OSSICLES)

 

Definition

 1/3 Ossicles

Moves w/eardrum, transfers vibrations to incus

 

Term

ANVIL

(INCUS)

(OSSICLES)

 

Definition

 1/3 Ossicles

Passes vibration to Stapes

 

Term

STAPES

(STIRRUP)

(OSSICLES)

 

Definition

1/3 Ossicles

Sets fluids in motion, exciting hair receptors

 

Term
EUSTACIAN TUBE
Definition
Links middle ear cavity with throat. Equalizes pressure
Term
INNER EAR
Definition
Hearing & equilibrium
Term
COCHLEA
Definition
Inner Ear: Snail shaped, hearing
Term
VESTIBULAR APPARATUS
Definition
Inner Ear: between semicircular canals & Cochlea. Static equalibrium
Term
ORGAN OF CORTI
Definition
Inside cochlear duct, contains tiny sensory hairs
Term
OTOLITHS
Definition
Equalibrium: Tiny stones made up of calcium salts.
Term

VISION

(5 SENSES)

Definition
1/5 senses
Term
SCLERA
Definition

White of the eye.

6 pairs of extrinsic eye muscles

Term
CORNEA
Definition

Window of the eye.

Avascular, transparent. Only human tissue that can be transplanted w/o fear of rejection

Term
CILIARY BODY
Definition
Secretes aquenous humor, contains ciliary muscle
Term
CHOROID
Definition
Posterior, blood rich, nourishes interior eye
Term
IRIS
Definition
Anterior, Pigmented, regulates amount of light entering eye
Term
PUPIL
Definition
Part of iris, increases / decreases amount of light entering the eye
Term
INNER EYE
Definition
Retina, contains photoreceptor cells and neurons
Term
RETINA
Definition
Inner eye. Contains millions of photoreceptors called rods and cones
Term
RODS
Definition
1/2 photoreceptors in retina
Term
CONES
Definition

1/2 photoreceptors in retina

Term
FOVEA CENTRALIS
Definition
Area of retina w/only cones. Highest visual acuity
Term
OPTIC DISK
Definition
AKA; Blind spot. Where optic nerve leaves eyeball
Term
ORBIT
Definition
Protective cavity in skull surrounding eye
Term
LACRIMAL GLANDS
Definition
Makes & drains tears
Term

TASTE

(5 SENSES)

Definition
1/5 senses
Term
4 DISTINCT TASTES
Definition
Sweet, Bitter, Sour, Salt
Term

SMELL

(OLFACTION)

(5 SENSES)

Definition
1/5 senses
Term
ENTRAPMENT
Definition
Soft tissue pressures around nerve
Term
COMPRESSION
Definition
Hard tissue (bone) pressure on nerve
Term
IMPINGEMENT
Definition
"Pressing" (i.e., nerve)
Term
DISK HURNIATION
Definition
Rupture in fibrocartilage surrounding intervertebral disk, releasing nucleus pulposes
Term
NEUROPATHY
Definition
Inflammation or degeneration pf peripheral nerves
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