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Anat 100 - Cellular Anatomy
Cellular Anatomy
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/18/2011

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Cards

Term
ANATOMY
Definition
Study of STRUCTURES of the body and the relationship of its parts
Term
PHYSIOLOGY
Definition
Study of PROCESSES and FUNCTIONS of the body involved in supporting life
Term
ATOM
Definition

Smallest particle of an element. 

Made up of PROTONS, NEUTRONS and ELECTRONS

Term
ELEMENTS
Definition
Substance containing SINGLE kind of Atom
Term
COMPOUNDS
Definition
Substances made up of DIFFERENT kinds of Atoms
Term
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
Definition

Compound that stores energy in muscles.

Releases ENERGY when broken down.

(the body's currency)

Term
ANABOLISM
Definition

Chemical reactions that USE ENERGY as they join simple molecules to form more complex molecules


(Opposite of Catabolism)


Require energy supplied from ATP

Term
CATABOLISM
Definition

Chemical reactions that RELEASE ENERGY as they break down complex molecules

 

(Opposite of Anabolism)

Term
METABOLISM
Definition
Chemical process that CONVERT FOOD AND AIR into energy to support growth, distribution of nutrients, and elimination of waste
Term
ENERGY
Definition

The capacity to do work


Term
ORGANELLE
Definition
Basic structures found IN cells
Term
CELL MEMBRANE
Definition

The OUTER boundary of a cell

 

(AKA Plasma Membrane)

Term
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Definition
Transportation of a substance into or out of the cell WITHOUT the use of energy
Term
DIFFUSION
Definition
Movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of lower concentration
Term
OSMOSIS
Definition
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane of a cell
Term
ENDOCYTOSIS
Definition
The cellular process of engulfing particles located outside the cell membrane into a cell by forming vesicles
Term
EXOCYTOSIS
Definition
The movement of substances out of a cell
Term
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Definition

The transport of substances into or out of a cell

using energy

Term
CYTOPLASM
Definition
Gel-like material enclosed by the cell membrane, houses the Organelles
Term
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Definition
Network of interconnected tubes, flattened sacs, and channels distributed throughout the cytoplasm
Term

GOLGI APPARATUS

(or COMPLEX)

Definition
Processes and packages protein and some carbohydrates for distribution to other parts of the cell or for secretion from the cell.
Term
LYSOSOMES
Definition
The digestive system of the cell
Term
MICROVILLI / CILIA
Definition
Finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area
Term
MITOCHONDRIA
Definition
Manufacture ATP, considered the "power house" of the cell
Term
NUCLEUS
Definition
Center of cell. Usually largest of organelles, contains the chromosomes (threads of DNA)
Term
CELL
Definition

The basic structural unit of all living things


Contains a nucleus and cytoplasm and is surrounded by a membrane

Term
TISSUE
Definition

Group of similar cells that are specialized to

perform a specific function

Term
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
Definition
a type of tissue that covers and protects the surface of the body (skin) and its parts
Term
APICAL SURFACE
Definition
the surface of an epithelial cell that is exposed to the external environment
Term
BASAL SURFACE
Definition
The tissue surface that faces the inside of the body
Term
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES
Definition

Type of membrane which

covers the surface of the body


Largest cutaneous membrane (skin) accounts for about 16% of our body weight.

Term
SEROUS MEMBRANES
Definition
type of membrane that lines body cavities not open to the external environment and cover many organs
Term
MUCOUS MEMBRANES
Definition
Found on surfaces of tubes that open directly to the exterior - i.e., lining the respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts.
Term
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Definition

Most abundant type of tissue in body


Supports and holds together body & parts, protects from foreign matter, and is organized to transport substances throughout the body

Term
COLLAGEN
Definition

Protein substance composed of small fibrils that combine to create connective tissue and fasciae, tendons, and ligaments. When combined with water it forms gelatin.

Contstitutes approx. 1/4 of the protein in the body

Term
MACROPHAGES
Definition
Large, irregularly shaped cells. Develop in the bone marrow and move throughout the connective tissue, searching for microorganisms, damaged cells, and foreign particles. When those found, macrophages dispose of them by ingesting and digesting them (phagocytosis) (vaccum).
Term
MAST CELLS
Definition
Develop in bone marrow. Functions focus on releasing chemicals (heparin and histamine) as part of the inflammatory response, the allergic response, and pain.
Term
ADIPOSE CELLS
Definition
Large cells stored in white or brown fat
Term

DENSE REGULAR

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Definition
The ligaments and tendons formed by this type of tissue have a small number of cells and blood supply to the area is limited
Term

DENSE IRREGULAR

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Definition

Collagen and elastin fibers are interwoven and oriented in an irregular pattern. 


FUNCTION: Can withstand intense pulling forces and resist impact.

Term
LOOSE (AREOLAR) TISSUE
Definition

Considered packing material between glands, muscles and nerves. Attaches skin to underlying tissue


Term
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Definition
semi-transparent, with a milky bluish color, is flexible and insensitive, found at the ends of bones and provides the support and flexibility found in the trachea, lungs and nose
Term
FIBROCARTILAGE
Definition

CT that permits little motion in joints and structures.

 

Found in places such as the intervertebral disks and it forms our ears

Term
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Definition

Flexible form of hyaline cartilage with a large concentration of elastic fibers.


FUNCTION: Provides flexibility and support to the external ear and the larynx.

Term
HOMEOSTASIS
Definition
The internal balance the body must keep
Term
SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
Definition

Striated, multinucleate, voluntary,

longer than they are wide

Term
CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
Definition

Striated, one nucleus, branching, intercalated disk, involuntary


In the heart that contract to pump blood

Term
SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Definition
Not striated, one nucleus, spindle-shaped, involuntary
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