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AnaPhy M Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2009

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Term
Scrotum
Definition
Sac containing the testes.
Term
Cremaster and Dartos muscles
Definition
Two structures that regulate the temperature of the testes.
Term
Lobules
Definition
Subdivisions of the testes.
Term
Seminiferous tubules
Definition
Site of sperm cell development.
Term
Interstitial cells
Definition
Responsible for testosterone production.
Term
Sertoli cells
Definition
Large cells that nourish the germ cells and produce hormones.
Term
Spermatogonia
Definition
Most peripheral cells; they divide by mitosis.
Term
Primary spermatocytes
Definition
Germ cells produced from spermatogonia, which divide into two cells during the first meiotic division.
Term
Secondary spermatocytes
Definition
Formed from primary spermatocytes these cells undergo a second meiotic division.
Term
Spermatid
Definition
Produced from a secondary spermatocyte; each has 23 chromosomes.
Term
Sperm cell
Definition
Develop from a spermatid by forming a head, midpiece, and flagellum; spermatozoon.
Term
Acrosome
Definition
Sperm cell vesicle containing enzymes released during fertilization.
Term
Rete testis
Definition
Receive sperm cells from the seminiferous tubules.
Term
Efferent ductules
Definition
Tubes that exit the testis.
Term
Epididymis
Definition
Receives the efferent ductules from the testis; a comma-shaped structure on the outside of the testis.
Term
Epididymis
Definition
Site of sperm cell maturation.
Term
Ductus deferens
Definition
Duct that passes through the abdominal wall.
Term
Spermatic cord
Definition
Blood vessels and nerves that supply the testis, the cremaster muscle, and the ductus deferens.
Term
Ejaculatory duct
Definition
Formed by the ampulla of the ductus deferens and a duct from the seminal vesicle; empties into the urethra.
Term
Urethra
Definition
Extends to the tip of the penis.
Term
Erection
Definition
Engorgement of penile erectile tissue with blood.
Term
Corpora cavernosa
Definition
Paired columns of erectile tissue in the penis.
Term
Corpus spongiosum
Definition
Single column of erectile tissue in the penis; the urethra passes through it.
Term
Glans penis
Definition
Expanded distal end of the penis.
Term
External urethral orifice
Definition
Opening of the urethra to the exterior.
Term
Prepuce
Definition
Skin that covers the glans penis; foreskin.
Term
Circumcision
Definition
Surgical removal of the prepuce.
Term
Seminal vesicles
Definition
Two sac-shaped glands near the ampulla of the ductus deferens.
Term
Prostate gland
Definition
Gland the size and shape of a walnut that surrounds the urethra and the two ejaculatory ducts.
Term
Bulbourethral glands
Definition
Small glands located near the base of the penis.
Term
Semen
Definition
Mixture of sperm cells and glandular secretions.
Term
Bulbourethral glands
Definition
Glands producing a mucous secretion that neutralizes the acidic urethra.
Term
Seminal vesicles
Definition
Glands producing thick, mucuslike secretions containing nutrients that nourish the sperm cells.
Term
Prostate gland
Definition
Gland producing thin, milky secretions with an alkaline pH that neutralizes acidic secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, and the vagina.
Term
GnRH
Definition
Hormone released from the hypothalamus; stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete two hormones.
Term
LH
Definition
Released from the anterior pituitary; stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
Term
FSH
Definition
Released from the anterior pituitary; binds to Sertoli cells and promotes sperm cell development and inhibin secretion.
Term
Inhibin
Definition
Secreted by Sertoli cells; inhibits FSH secretion.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Before puberty, small amounts are produced by the testes and adrenal gland; inhibits GnRH, LH, and FSH secretion.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Causes the enlargement and differentiation of the male genitalia; promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics; necessary for spermatogenesis.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Hormone required for normal sexual behavior.
Term
Orgasm
Definition
Pleasurable sensation associated with ejaculation.
Term
Impotence
Definition
Inability to accomplish the sexual act.
Term
Erection
Definition
Occurs when parasympathetic action potentials cause the dilation of the arteries that supply blood to the erectile tissue of the penis.
Term
Emission
Definition
Sympathetic action potentials stimulate the seminal vesicles and prostate gland to release their secretions.
Term
Ejaculation
Definition
Rhythmic contractions that force semen out of the urethra; caused by action potentials sent to skeletal muscles at the base of the penis.
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