Term
| What do red blood cells (erythrocytes) look like on a slide? |
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Definition
| small pink/violet stained cells. Most abundant. Lack nuclei |
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Term
| What do platelets (thrombocytes) look like on a slide? |
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Definition
| Abundant cell fragments, much smaller than RBC, irregiular in shape and often stained purple |
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Term
| What is the approx ratio of RBC:WBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do white blood cells (leukocytes) look like on a slide? |
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Definition
| Larger than RBC, prominent purple-stained nuclei |
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Term
| What are teh five major kinds of white blood cells in human blood? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes |
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Term
| What are the two common white blood cell kinds? |
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Definition
| neutrophils and lymphocytes |
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Term
| What are teh three uncommon or rare white blood cell types? |
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Definition
| eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes |
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Term
| What are the two granulated white blood cell types? |
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Definition
| neutrophils, eosionophils |
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Term
| What are the agranulated white blood cell types? |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils |
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Term
| What are the common features of a Neutrophil? |
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Definition
| nucleus usually divided into 3-7 lobes, occasionaly U-shaped. cytoplasm usually pink/violet. most common WBC. Granulated |
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Term
| What are common features of the lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| usually small, some are larger. Large, round nucleus usually fills most of the cell. cytoplasm (pale blue) is limited to a thin rim around nucelus. 2nd most common WBC. Agranulated |
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Term
| Common features of monocytes? |
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Definition
| large cells, nucelus usually an irregular oval, kindey-shaped, or U-shaped. cytoplasm is usually pale blue. uncommon. Agranulated |
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Term
| Common features of eosinophils? |
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Definition
| abundant coarse, red or pink granules in cytoplasm. nucleus usually 2-lobe or figure-8 shaped. rare. granulated |
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Term
| Common features of basophils? |
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Definition
| coarse purple granules in cytoplasm, vary in size. nucelus irregular, pale purple; often obscured by the granules and difficult to see. most rare WBC. Granulated |
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Term
| What gives red blood cells their red color? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the principal function of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| transport oxygen through the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| A large protein composed of four amino acid chains joined together? |
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Term
| What is contained within each amino acid chain mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a heme group made up of? |
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Definition
| Composed of complicated rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms, surrounding an iron atom |
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Term
| How does the oxygen molecules attach to the heme? |
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Definition
| attach via the iron atoms in their centers |
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Term
| What kind of disease is sickle-cell anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is sickle-cell anemia acquired? |
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Definition
| when a child inherits an abnormal version of a gene for hemoglobin from both parents |
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Term
| How does sickle-cell anemia affect the hemoglobin molecules? |
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Definition
| Causes them to stick to each other when they are deoxygenated |
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Term
| When the hemoglobin molecules stick together what happens to their shape? |
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Definition
| Form stiff rods which distort the shape of the RBC stretching them into oval, crescent or irregular shapes |
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Term
| What happens to Sickled RBC's due to their shape? |
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Definition
| Easily damaged, torn open while in circulation or destroyed by the spleen or liver. Chronic anemia |
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Term
| What makes sickling become more severe and widespread? |
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Definition
| When the concentration of oxygen in the blood is lower-as during heavy exercise or an infection |
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Term
| WHat happens during a sickling crisis? |
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Definition
| Many RBC's become sickled and cause clogs, depriving tissue of their circulation. |
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Term
| What tissues can be deprived/compromised while of circulation during a sickling crisis? |
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Definition
| lungs, muscles, joints, heart, spleed, and kidneys |
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Term
| What symptoms do people with sickle-cell anemia exhibit? |
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Definition
| excruciating pain and infections become more common |
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Term
| What do repeated episodes of severe sickling do? |
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Definition
| Produce chronic damage to organs and eventually lead to premature death. |
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Term
| What is acute lymphocytic leukemia? |
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Definition
| cancer of the lymphocyte-forming cells in the bone marrow |
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Term
| What happens to blood production as a result of acute lymphocytic leukemia? |
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Definition
| Uncontrolled production of huge numbers of abnormal and immature lympochyte and a reduction in the production of the other types of blood cells |
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Term
| What does acute lymphocytic leukemia cause in terms of symptoms? |
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Definition
| Usually rapid, leading to infections, fever, sorethroat, bleeding from the nose and mouth, and anemia |
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Term
| Which population does Acute lymphocytic leukemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a differential white blood cell count? |
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Definition
| help diagnose disease conditions that alter the abundance of these cells |
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Term
| What are the normal range of neutrophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the range of eosinophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range of basophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range of lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal range of monocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a red blood cell count? |
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Definition
| Estimate the density of rbc's in the blood |
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Term
| What can unusually low density of red blood cells mean? |
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Definition
| blood loss due to injury, destruction, deficient production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What can hemolysis be caused by? |
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Definition
| inherited disorders, certain external drugs/toxins |
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Term
| What do low rbc densities result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens as a result of anemia? |
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Definition
| reduced ability to transport oxygen through the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| unusually high density of rbc's? |
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Term
| What can polycythemia result from? |
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Definition
| living at high altitudes, chronic heart and lung disease, or heavy smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| packed rbc volume, used for estimating red blod cell abudnace |
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