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ana lecture 1 the cell
ub
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2011

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Term
Cell
Definition
fundamental structural and functional unit
Term
what 4 elements is the body composed of
Definition
oxygen, cardon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Term
inorganic compounds
Definition
nonliving (water and electrolytes)
Term
organic
Definition
contain carbon
Term
types of organic compounds
Definition
protein, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids
Term
protein structure and fuction is determined by
Definition
number and sequence
Term
proteins: what do structure, enzymes and hormones do?
Definition
structure: form or shape
enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
hormones: act as regulators
Term
3 examples of carbs
Definition
monosaccharides (simple sugar - glucose)
disaccharides (2 sugars linked together - sucrose)
polysaccharides (many linked together - glycogen)
Term
examples of lipids
Definition
fats (storage form) , cholesterol, phospholipids (structural form)
Term
examples of nucleic acids
Definition
DNA and RNA
Term
what is the cell membrane composed of
Definition
lipids, proteins, carbs
Term
what is the structure of the cell like?
Definition
fluid mosaic model - current theory for the arrangement of the components of the cell membrane. lipid components (amphipathic molecules) are arranged in a bilayer which acts somewhat like a fluid. proteins and carbs float like icebergs in this sea of lipid. Note: amphipathic molecules have a polar and nonpolar end.
Term
function of a cell
Definition
-compartmentalization
-regulation of movement of materials(semi-permeable)
-provides for intercellular interactions
a. allows communication between cells
b. cell-cell recognition sites
-provides recognition sites (for hormones, antibodies, enzymes, etc)
Term
structure of the nucleus aka the command center
Definition
-chromatin: DNA and protein
-nuclear envelope: membrane surrounding nucleus
-nucleolus: site of RNA synthesis
Term
3 functions of the nucleus
Definition
-stores genetic material
-involved in cellular division (mitosis)
-regulates cellular metabolism and activity of all organelles
Term
Ribosome ("protein factories") - name the structure and functions
Definition
structure-RNA & protein
function - site of protein synthesis
Term
endoplasmic reticulum structure
Definition
-membranous network of channels
-located throughout the cytoplasm
-continuous w nuclear membrane
Term
E.R. function
Definition
provides a channel for communication and trnsport of substances throughout the cell
Term
2 types of E.R.
Definition
rough and smooth
Term
what is rough ER
Definition
has multiple ribosomes on its surfaces. manufactures and transports protein
Term
what is smooth ER
Definition
responsible for lipid production and metabolism, and calcium storage
Term
Golgi Complex structure
Definition
stacks of flattened "sacs"
Term
golgi complex function
Definition
strorage of protein, packages materials into vesicles or granules for strorage or secretion
Term
mitochondria - "powerhouse" - structure?
Definition
has internal compartments called cisternae
Term
mitochondria function?
Definition
cellular respiration - production of energy from ATP for cellular functions
Term
cytoplasmic inclusions
Definition
wide variety of chemical substances in the cell
Term
microtubules structure
Definition
small hollow tubules which run throughout the cytoplasm
Term
microtubules function
Definition
a. supporting network
b. conducting channels through which substances pass through the cytoplasm
c. structural component of centrioles and cilia (needed for mitosis)
Term
centrioles
Definition
cylindrically shaped organelle composed of 9 triplets of microtubules. 2 per cell. inportant role in cell divison
Term
microfilaments structure
Definition
thin strands of protein usually found in bundles
Term
microfilaments function
Definition
a. skeletal support
b. cell locomotion (movement)
Term
cilia
Definition
cytoplasmic projections made of mictrotubules. move in a wave lie fashion to move mucous
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