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Amyloidosis
-current
21
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/31/2015

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Term
Definition: Amyloidosis
Definition
-disease/lesions caused by Amyloid
Term
Definition; Amyloid
Definition
-an insoluble fibrillar protein that accumulates EXTRACELLULARLY
Term
Why is amyloid called amyloid?
Definition
-looks waxy grossly
Term
How can we turn amyloid purple?
Definition
-it binds to potassium iodide
-then react it with a carbohydrate to change the color to purple (Serum Amyloid P)
Term
How is amyloid formed?
Definition
-formed from over-produced selected proteins that undergo proteolysis by macrophages resulting in misfolded, self-aggragating, insoluble, protein fibrils
Term
There are 4 main types of amyloid precursor proteins for animals. What are they and which two are the most important?
Definition
-Acute phase proteins: Serum amyloid A (SAA)
-Islet amyloid protein
-Light chains of immunoglobulins
-Amiloid-beta precursor protein (APP)
-SAA and islet amyloid protein are the most important
Term
In what type of cases are acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A) seen? Where in the body?
Definition
-seen in familial amyloidosis and chronic inflammation
-seen in liver and kidney
Term
Where do islet amyloid proteins come into play?
Definition
-pancreatic islets of old and/or diabetic cats
Term
With what other issues do light chains of immunoglobulins present as an amyloid precursor protein?
Definition
-seen with plasma cell or other lymphoid origin tumors
Term
What is amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)? Is it ever an incidental finding?
Definition
-a neural cell membrane protein that is the source of neural amyloid
-only an incidental finding in aged animals
Term
What are acute phase proteins see in cases of chronic inflammation?
Definition
-they are part of innate immunity because they bind nonspecifically to bacteria
Term
What are the 4 common locations of amyloid? To whom do they apply? Which is the most common?
Definition
-Renal glomeruli: MOST COMMON; all animals
-Islets of Langerhans: cats
-Liver
-Brain: incidental in old dogs but it sheep, cattle, and deer with spongiform encephalopathies
Term
What are the diagnostic characteristics of amyloids?
Definition
-grossly visible, organs with amyloid have a very pale, tan waxy appearance wherever the amyloid is deposited
-may stain dark purple to black with an iodine contining solution like Lugol's solution
Term
Histologically describe amyloid infiltration.
Definition
-eosinophilic homogenous to ficrillar deposit
-fairly acellular causing atrophy of surrounding tissue
-can be stained with a special stain called "congo red"
Term
When amyloid is stained with Congo Red, it will appear _______ under normal lights and ________ under polarized light.
Definition
-red
-green
Term
In what animals is familial amyloidosis common?
Definition
-Abyssinian and Siamese cats
-Shar-pei and Beagle dogs
Term
What is renal amyloidosis?
Definition
-amyloid accumulates primarily in glomeruli as result of chronic inflammatory process
-usually idiopathic
Term
What are the 2 main causes of glomerular disease and proteinuria?
Definition
-glomerular amyloidosis
-immune-complex glomerulonephritis
Term
What happens to glomeruli when they undergo renal amyloidosis?
Definition
-become enlarged, pale, and visible with the naked eye
-become leaky causing proteinuria
Term
Islet Amyloidosis is a common finding in the ____(organ)____ of ____(animal)____.
Definition
-pancreas
-old and/or diabetic cats
Term
True or False: Lesions due to islet amyloidosis are grossly visible with Congo red staining.
Definition
-FALSE, microscopic
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