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| To define tribal territories, promote peace, and secure safe passage for settlers on the Oregon Trail. |
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A Sioux leader who led his people in the Battle of Little Bighorn and died
Didn't sign Fort Laramie Treaty |
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| Custer's Last Stand // Battle of Little Bighorn |
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A Native American victory
Symbolic of Native American resistance during westward expansion
Led by George Custer |
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Broke up tribal land among Native Americans and tried to encourage them to start farming
“Americanize” natives - break up reservations
- gives land to individual Native Americans
- sell remainder of land to settlers |
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Marked the end of Indian Wars
Unarmed natives are killed
Sitting Bull is killed |
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| The Destruction of the Buffalo |
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Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life
Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport and destroy buffalo population |
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| Settlement in the American West during the late 19th century that served as a hub for the cattle industry. |
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Many cowboys were black and mexican.
Cowboys and vaqueros drove cattle long distances using cattle trails to reach cow towns or railheads, where the cattle could be loaded onto trains for transportation to markets |
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A cattle trail used to drive cattle from Texas ranches to railheads in Kansas.
Played a crucial role in the cattle industry, allowing cattle ranchers to transport their herds to markets in the eastern United States.
Went over sacred native land |
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| The frontier was indeed the land that Americans were moving west to during the westward expansion of the United States. |
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Encouraged westward migration by offering 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, provided they improved the land and built a dwelling.
Beneficiaries, often called homesteaders, had to live on and cultivate the land for five years to gain full ownership.
Aimed to promote settlement and development of the American frontier.
Played a significant role in the westward expansion of the United States and the growth of agriculture in the Great Plains.
Helped populate the western territories, but also had consequences for Native Americans, as it led to invasion of their land and conflicts |
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| African Americans who moved from the south to Kansas and other western states in mass. |
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| Establishment of colleges that focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts. |
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| The Hatch Act is a U.S. law that tells federal government employees they can't be too political at work. They can't do things that show they really like one political party. They can do politics outside of work, but not during work hours. This is to keep the government fair and neutral. |
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Large farms normally growing a single crop such as wheat that used modern farming methods and machinery for efficiency and helped meet the growing demand for agricultural products in the eastern United States.
Farmers were in a lot of debt because of drought |
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Popular terms during the cycles of Gold Rushes. Boom meant hope for a prosperous outcome while Bust was associated with failure or hopelessness.
Some people even wrote those words on their wagons to either warn or urge people. |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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Definition
The Transcontinental Railroad in the United States met in the middle of the country
A railroad that spanned the whole country and helped grow the economy -- made trade and travel easier.
The railroad met in the middle of the country |
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| A social and educational effort aiming to assimilate immigrants into American culture |
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| Push factors push someone out of their home country and pull factors attract someone to a new country. |
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An island in New York Harbor that served as the main entry point for immigrants to the United States
Processed millions of immigrants, primarily from Europe, as they arrived in the United States. |
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An immigration station in San Francisco Bay, California, often called the "Ellis Island of the West."
Angel Island played a significant role in the history of Asian immigration to the United States, particularly for Chinese immigrants. |
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| Where immigrants from different cultures can blend into a society - adopting things from their culture and way of life while still preserving their original culture |
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| Where immigrants mix into society but don't adopt their customs or holidays for example. |
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Melt: Mostly young people melted
Mix: Older people usually only mixed (didn't fully adopt anything) |
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An ideology and political movement that prioritizes the interests of native-born or established residents over those of immigrants
Nativists may advocate for restrictive immigration policies and oppose the cultural influence of immigrants. |
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Reduced Japanese immigration to the U.S. for a time.
An informal agreement between the United States and Japan |
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Crowded, urban residential areas characterized by multi-story, low-quality apartment buildings.
Known for poor living conditions, including overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and inadequate ventilation.
Played a significant role in the spread of disease and poor living standards. |
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The Sand Creek Massacre was widely criticized, even at the time, for its brutality and violation of agreements.
When a U.S. Army force attacked a Cheyenne and Arapaho village in southeastern Colorado
symbolizing the mistreatment and violence faced by Native American communities during westward expansion.
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The Cheyenne were allowed to temporarily settle in the area but were attacked either way. |
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| The act prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States and barred Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalized U.S. citizens. |
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The Ghost Dance involved rituals and dances believed to restore Native American lands, cultures, and ways of life. As well as reviving their ancestors
It really scared the white Americans |
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| Towns that grew up almost over night in places where gold and silver were abundant. |
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| What attracted people to the west after the Civil War. |
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The discovery of gold and silver
Cheap land
Cattle driving |
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Native tribes resisted invasion of their traditional hunting grounds.
The Red River War marked a turning point in the Plains Indian Wars, leading to the resettlement of many tribes on reservations and the decline of their traditional way of life. |
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| White people were settling and taking over areas where the natives lived and putting them into reservations which they hated. |
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| The belief Americans had a god given right to expand to the west |
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| Gold Rush, Klondike Rush, and Silver Rush affect on natives |
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| These rushes caused the formation of many new cities on native territory which made tensions worse between settlers and natives |
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| US Policy Change for Natives |
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Definition
Policies would change as Americans found things they were interested in in native land.
(Gold, silver, rich soil, etc.) |
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n your opinion, what was the most significant effect of the
Indian Wars on American Indians? Explain your thinking. |
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Definition
| They lost their land, culture, and way of life and also had to be confined to reservations. |
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| Many Americans moved west looking to prosper in the mining business -- many mining towns sprung up |
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What were the main benefits to the nation of a transcontinental
railroad? |
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| Cattle ranching before and after the invention of barbed wire. |
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| Chinese and Mexican Americans reaction to racism |
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| Access to water caused tension with ranchers/farmers, miners, sheepherders, cattle drivers etc. |
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| Access to water after the end of open range |
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| How do old immigrants differ from new immigrants |
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Definition
The new immigrant came alone, poor, and unskilled, settling in big cities with low quality of life, because of many different push and pull factors, especially economic opportunity and cheep land as pull factors and religious persecuction, war, and poverty as push factors.
Old immigrants came because of push factors such as religious persecution, they were more skilled and educated because they weren't necessarily coming for the opportunities, just for religious freedom. |
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| Life in the city for immigrants |
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| higher salary and more stable jobs and better education |
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