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| A part of Congress; equal representation for each state |
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| Counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of determining taxation and representation |
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| Slave trade allowed until 1808, when Congress could vote to abolish it |
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| Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign trade, including tariffs on imports; didn't allow tariffs on exports |
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| Each state is assigned the same number of electors as representatives and senators, who elect a president; designed to prevent mob rule |
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| Supported Constitution; Wanted strong federal government; populated Atlantic Coast, and large cities; (refer to page 100 for ideology) |
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| Opposition to Federalists; believed large central government would cause tyranny; small farmers and settlers on the western frontier; (refer to page 100 for ideology) |
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| 85 persuasive essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay; presented reasons for each provision of the Constitution |
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| Amendments to the Constitution which protect rights considered to be unalienable; supported by Anti-Federalists |
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1st - freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition; separation of church and state
2nd - Right to keep and bear arms
3rd - No quartering of soldiers in homes during peacetime
4th - No unreasonable searches or seizures of property
5th - Due process of law; no retrial for same crime; no self-defamation
6th - Right to a fair and public trial
7th - Right to trial by jury
8th - No cruel or unusual punishments; no excessive fines or bail
9th - Rights not listed are granted
10th - Powers not delegated to federal government belong to people |
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| Headed by the president; controls departments of government |
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| legislative branch; passes laws and ratifies treaties |
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| Departments designed for a specific purpose within the country; created by executive branch; State Department, Treasury Department, War Department, Attorney General |
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| composed of heads of executive departments; advisors to the president |
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| Secretary of War under Washington |
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| Attorney General under Washington |
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| One of first laws; established Supreme Court; one chief justice, five justices; rules on constitutionality of court decisions; 13 district courts, and three circuit courts of appeals |
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| The supreme court, the 13 district courts, and the circuit appeal courts |
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| Headed by chief justice; composed of justices; rules on constitutionality of court cases, and laws |
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| U.S. government assumed state debt, and paid off war debts from Revolution |
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| New and developing industries |
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| founded as a private organization; allowed to print paper currency; used federal deposits to stimulate business |
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| Taxes or duties on imported or exported goods, paid to state or national government |
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| Taxes on exported products, collected by state and national government |
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| The French overthrow of the monarchy to form a republic which antagonized the surrounding monarchies |
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