Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AMSCO Book Chapter 26 Key Terms
The first and second column of key terms for Chapter 26 of the AMSCO American history review book.
58
History
11th Grade
04/25/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) (1944)
Definition
Supported transition of 15 million veterans to a peacetime economy; half the GI's continued their education at the Government's expense, 2 million attended college; $16 billion in loans were given for housing, farming, and businesses
Term
Baby Boom
Definition
An explosion in births and marriages, resulting in 50 million babies born between 1945 and 1960; One third of all married women worked outside the home
Term
Suburban Growth
Definition
Caused by William J. Levitt and his mass produced low-priced homes; low interest rate mortgages (government insured and tax deductible); the majority of Americans moved to the suburbs; by the 1960s, older cities from Boston to Los Angeles were increasingly poor and racially divided
Term
Sunbelt
Definition
States from Florida to California that had a warmer climate, lower taxes, and economic opportunities in defense related insudtries
Term
Harry Truman
Definition
A moderate Democratic senator from Missouri; FDR's vice-president in 1944 election; president after FDR's death in 1945
Term
Employment Act of 1946
Definition
A watered down version of proposed bills to increase minimum wage, and commit funding to maintain full employment
Term
Council of Economic Advisors
Definition
Designed to counsel the president and Congress on means of promoting economic welfare
Term
Inflation
Definition
Southern Democrats joined with Republicans to relax controls of Office of Price Administration, causing an inflation rate of 25% in the first year and a half of peace
Term
Strikes
Definition
Over 4.5 million workers went on strike in 1946, strikes by railroad and mine workers threatened national safety, Truman seized mines and railroads until United Mine Workers called off the strike
Term
Committee on Civil Rights
Definition
Established by Truman in 1946; strengthened the civil rights division of the Justice Department
Term
Twenty Second Amendment
Definition
1951; Constitutional amendment to limit a president to two full terms in office
Term
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Definition
Outlawed contracts requiring workers to join a union before being hired; permitted states to pass laws preventing workers from having to join a union after being hired; outlawed secondary boycotts; gave the president the power to invoke an 80 day period before a strike threatening national safety
Term
Progressive Party
Definition
Party that formed during the election of 1948, who nominated Henry Wallace, and supported Truman's progressive policies
Term
Henry Wallace
Definition
Former vice president under FDR, nominated for president by Progressive Party in 1948
Term
States-Rights Party (Dixiecrats)
Definition
Southern Democrats who rejected Truman's support for Civil Rights
Term
J. Strom Thurmond
Definition
Selected as the Dixiecrat candidate in the election of 1948
Term
Thomas Dewey
Definition
Selected as the Republican candidate in the election of 1948; he had an overly cautious and unexciting campaign
Term
Fair Deal
Definition
A series of bills proposed by Truman in 1949; all bills but one to increase wages from 40 cents to 75 cents an hour; mainly defeated by Truman's political conflicts with congress and the Cold War
Term
Cold War
Definition
An ideological conflict between the United States (Democracy / Capitalism) and the Soviet Union (Dictatorship / Communism)
Term
Soviet Union
Definition
The coalition of states in Eastern Europe, that formed from Russian conquests in World War II
Term
United Nation
Definition
Founded in the fall of 1945; to provide representation for all member nations; Security Council consisted of 15 nations, responsible for maintaining international security, and authorizing peacekeeping missions; the United States , Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union were given were given permanent seats and
Term
World Bank
Definition
AKA International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Created at Bretton Woods Conference in 1944; funded rebuilding of Europe
Term
Communist Satellites
Definition
Communist leaders were placed in control of Soviet occupied states, such as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia; designed to protect Russia from invasion
Term
Iron Curtain
Definition
A term used by Churchill to describe the wall of Soviet Satellite States
Term
Winston Churchill
Definition
The prime minister of Britain during World War II
Term
George Kennan
Definition
An expert in Soviet Affairs who advised Truman during the Cold War
Term
Dean Acheson
Definition
The Undersecretary of State during Truman's regime
Term
Containment Policy
Definition
The United States policy proposed by Kennan stating that the nation was against the spread of Communism
Term
Truman Doctrine
Definition
The first implementation of the Containment policy was the sending of $400 million to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
A plan by George Marshall to revive European economies; Marshall submitted a $17 billion European Recovery Program, and only $12 billion was approved and distributed to European Countries; the Soviet Union refused aid
Term
Berlin Airlift
Definition
In June 1948, the Soviets cut off all access by land to Berlin; Truman used planes to fly in supplies to West Berlin, and sent 60 atomic bombers to England, and by May 1949, Stalin ended the blockade
Term
East Germany
Definition
A soviet satellite created from the Eastern Half of Germany after the Berlin Airlift
Term
West Germany
Definition
A U.S. Ally that was formed from the Western part of Germany after the Berlin Airlift
Term
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Definition
An alliance formed by ten European nations and the United States to defend members from attack
Term
National Security Act (1947)
Definition
Provided for a centralized Department of Defense to coordinate the operations of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; Created the National Security Council (NSC) to coordinate foreign policy; created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to gather information on foreign governments
Term
Arms Race
Definition
The race between the Soviet Union and the United States over which nation has the greatest ability to respond to aggression, through more advanced weapons systems
Term
NSC-68
Definition
A secret report that stated that the US defense spending had to be quadrupled to 20% of GDP, alliances should be formed with non-Communist countries around the world; convince the american public that an arms buildup was necessary for the nation's defense
Term
U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty
Definition
The treaty signed in 1951 that ended the formal occupation of Japan but also provided for US troops to remain in military bases in Japan to protect against external enemies
Term
Douglas MacArthur
Definition
A general in the US Army, who took control of the reconstruction of Japan; created a parliamentary democracy
Term
Chinese Civil War
Definition
A power struggle in the late 1920s between the Nationalist or Kuomintang party and the Chinese Communists to control China's central government
Term
Chiang Kai-Shek
Definition
The head of China's Nationalist party; driven out of China by the Communist Forces
Term
Taiwan
Definition
A country located near China; previously known as Formosa; the location of the Chinese Nationalist retreat
Term
Mao Zedong
Definition
The leader of the Communist forces in China; became head of China after civil war
Term
People's Republic of China
Definition
The state formed after Mao Zedong drove out the nationalists from China
Term
Joseph Stalin
Definition
The leader of Soviet Russia, and a communist dictator
Term
Kim II Sung
Definition
The Communist leader of North Korea
Term
Syngman Rhee
Definition
The US supported conservative nationalist in South Korea
Term
Korean War
Definition
An action by the US government to stop the spread of Communism to South Korea which turned into a push to reclaim North Korea, and unite the two nations
Term
U.N. Police Action
Definition
The initial force sent to Korea to prevent the taking of South Korea by North Korea
Term
38th Parallel
Definition
The location of the dividing line agreed upon by North Korea and South Korea at the armistice at the end of the Korean war
Term
Dennis et al. v. United States
Definition
The Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court supported the Smith Act of 1940
Term
Smith Act (1940)
Definition
Made it illegal to teach or advocate the overthrow of the government
Term
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
Definition
Made it unlawful to advocate or support the establishment of a totalitarian government; restricted employment and travel of those joining Communist-front companies; authorized the creation of detention camps for subversives
Term
House Un-American Activities Committee
Definition
(HUAC); established in 1939 to seek out Nazies, reactivated to find Communists; investigated government activities and youth organizations
Term
Alger Hiss
Definition
A prominent official in the state department who was convicted of perjury for denying he was a communist, and was sent to prison
Term
Whittaker Chambers
Definition
A confessed Communist who became a star witness in the Alger Hiss trial
Term
Rosenberg Case
Definition
The trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in New York who were found guilty of treason and executed in 1953, but who's trial may have been the product of anti-communist hysteria
Term
Joseph McCarthy
Definition
A Republican Senator from Wisconsin who used the growing concern over communism ; he charged that over 205 communists were working in the state department; he was discredited in 1954, and died three years later
Supporting users have an ad free experience!