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| Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime |
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| Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues |
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| Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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| If blacks were not working they would be sent to jail |
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Poll Tax - pay to vote. Backlash was that there were poor white people.
Grandfather Clause - free to vote for no charge if your grandfather could vote in 1869 |
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| has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire U.S. from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern US from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Washington, with the reconstruction of state and society. |
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| "free" blacks worked on land owned by Southerners and had to buy tools from the owners and give up a large percentage of their profit, as well |
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| System where farmers rented their land from the landowner and were allowed to grow whatever crop they wanted |
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| a paramilitary group against black freedom and black rights. The KKK is a far right terrorist group that was anti-black. President Grant took actions to suppress the group but they reemerge in the 1920s and after WWII |
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| was a white faced man who started up Jim Crow racism. State and local laws segregating blacks and whites in public places. "Separate but Equal." |
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| The movement of approximately 2 million blacks from the South to the Northeast and Midwest in response to the influx of industrial opportunities and the hostile racial climate that remained in the South. Benjamin "pop" Singleton was the leader of the mass exodus. He believed that blacks would never gain equality while in the South. |
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| Post Civil War Migrations |
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| During and after the Civil War emancipated men and women moved to secure their freedom. At the same time many northern free blacks went south as soldiers, and other black men and women traveled south to teach and help lead communal institutions |
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| People moved from rural areas to more urban areas (growing industrial cities) in search of work, mainly during the industrial revolution. |
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| Between 300,000 and 1,000,000 African-Americans moved north during this period, largely in response to an increased number of unskilled factory job openings as northern manufacturers boosted production for World War I |
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| develop in the north; include church and business; churches become prominent and very important in the community. Business run by black people and the money is spent by the blacks so it is going back to the black community |
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| was an American entrepreneur and a philanthropist, regarded as the first female self made millionaire in America. She made her fortune by developing and marketing a successful line of beauty and hair products for black women under the company she founded, Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company. |
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| it was based on the concept of racial pride: "New Negro." It was aimed at "uplifting" the black population |
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| wrote “on being crazy”, first African American to get his doctrine from Harvard. |
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| was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form jazz poetry. Hughes is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance. |
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| was an American folklorist, anthropologist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Of Hurston's four novels and more than 50 published short stories, plays, and essays, she is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. |
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| During the war many countries restricted migration, but after the war migration skyrocketed. |
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| popular name of a group of African-American pilots who fought in WWII, protected bombers. |
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| division of black soldiers who fought in Italy with little coverage and protection. Nickname: Wild West Divison. Fought in both WWI and WWII |
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| outlaws racial segregation in public places and in schools and employment |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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Definition
| Removal of the discriminatory voting rules |
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| - Scottish who immigrated to Ireland before immigrating to America. |
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| were the Scots-Irish settled; W. Pennsylvania. North Carolina, W. Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee |
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| W.Penn, North Carolina, W. Virginia, Kentucky and tennessee |
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| type of religion that is foreign to many people; no building, going to meet outside and be loud with singing and dancing |
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| minister will not live in the community but a couple will travel the area and visit them |
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| people in your family that have the same last name as you; alliances will exist among them |
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| are events held throughout the year in Scotland and other countries as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage, especially that of the Scottish highlands. |
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| minute man - fight in the war; war of 1812 - 1/3 of the military force were Scots-Irish |
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| Minutemen were members of well-prepared militia companies of select men from the American colonial partisan militia during the American Revolutionary War. |
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| was a 32-month military conflict between the US and the British Empire and their Indian allies which resulted in no territorial change between the Empire and the USA, but a resolution of many issues which remained from the American War of Independence. |
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| Proto-Industrial Revolution |
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Definition
| before the industrial revolution; clothing labor; food processing; need unskilled labor's |
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| 1830-1880, coming in the first wave |
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| The New York City slum that was known as a place of prostitution, racial tension, and competition; the base ethnic enclave for the irish, home to .5 million. |
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| (South Boston) an ethnic enclave for the Irish; home to 2 million irish. |
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| the country cannot support the people who live there; cannot feed, house, educate, and/or hire them |
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| passed in Ireland, by the English, telling the Irish what they cannot do; just like slave/black codes; cannot own land, go to school, or have a religion other than Protestant/Anglican. |
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| caused by mold that came over on boats from America; affected all of Europe; could not tell if potatoes were affected. (1840s) |
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| gets into the soil and gets into the potatoes and eventually will kill them |
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| is a popular Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Gunness(1725–1803) in Dublin. |
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| caused by the Potato Blight; killed 1 million people. |
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| tuberculosis; other than starvation, one of the main killers during voyage. |
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| The most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship; where most immigrants traveled; traveled in a large open area beneath a ship's deck. |
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| - Over-crowded, disease-ridden, and often unseaworthy ships that carried Irish immigrants to North America. |
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| first one to come over to get a job and send money over |
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| The migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community; "a village saves money and sends the best candidate. He sends money back & the second best candidate comes over." |
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| housed Lean Toos and tenements; where the Irish lived. |
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| where some Irish resided in Ghettos; when you lean something up against a wall and live under it. |
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| Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived; 10 x 10 housing 20 people; 80% of all irish infants die because of these bad conditions. |
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| may refer to or include persecution, discrimination, hatred or fear of the Irish as an ethnic or national group, whether directed against Ireland in general or against Irish immigrants and their descendants in the Irish diaspora. |
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| assumption drawn from the practice of communion having the wine represent Christ's blood and the bread represent his body. |
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| stereotype of the irish; claim that catholics give babies to the church to be eaten during mass; assumptions drawn from communion practices. |
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| belief that Irish are actually black on the inside, depicted by political cartoons with scale with Irish and black being equal |
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| New York City Draft Riots |
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| (1863) were a series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. Initially intended to express anger at the draft, the protests degraded into civil disorder directed against African Americans. Uprising of working- class Irish-Americans in protest of the draft. |
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| irish political cartoons; exploited the Irish stereotypes; drinking; all negative. |
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| Functions of the Institutional Catholic Church |
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| at church all the time for various reasons; spiritual guidance; social events; school; banking program; etc. |
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| the church tells 2nd generation irish who to vote for (in sermons and at functions); WASP candidates appeal to irish, don't keep promises, are repealed. eventually keep their promises. |
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| During the 1800's and early 1900's, some state and local party committees became political machines dominating party activities. Committee members would promise new recruits money, jobs, and other benefits for joining and voting the straight party ticket. The Democratic Party was especially successful at using this method to recruit immigrants and inner city poor. These groups functioned largely as welfare organizations controlling elections through corrupt means. |
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| - head of political machines; individual who has a lot of influence, make deals and will make sure to get people elected |
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| The unlawful activities of the members of a highly organized, disiplined, association engaged in supplying illegal goods and services, including gambling, prostitution, loan-sharking, narcotics, and labor racketeering. |
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| Presidential election of 1960 |
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| - JFK barely beat out Nixon. This election is notable as being the first time in U.S. history that two sitting U.S. Senators (Kennedy and Johnson) were elected as President and Vice President. |
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| First Irish Catholic President |
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| was the 37th president, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office. |
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| respected by Wasps; largest immigrant group to ever come to america |
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| works the land and makes something beautiful out of something that wasn't there; improves the mad; only going to grow enough for themselves |
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| two things we credit for Germans bringing to this country; made beer for the U.S. and the Americans are going to love it-more positive stereotype; pianos-gave people something to do in their house and get excited about |
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| oldest food regulation in the world, passed in 1516, beer can only contain: water, hops, barley |
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| What Americans called the Germans. "If you can't be American, at least be German, because they're awesome." |
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| WWI: Anti-German sentiment |
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Definition
| going to get the Americans scared and wondering what is going on; people start to react violently to the Germans due to the people of England making propaganda; laws are going to be passed against the Germans |
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| England sends propaganda depicting Germans as rapists, animals and baby eaters leads to rejection of anything German |
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Definition
german American who was a coal miner in illinois
-taken away but mob was not satisfied and hung by lynch mob; wrote letter to parents; lynch mob found not guilty and let go |
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| we give up everything german and become violent against germans under the suspicion that they are spies |
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| WWII (How it affected German-Americans)- |
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| 12,000 germans interned, based on nationality/political affiliation; not treated as bad; newspapers-inactiv; anti-hitler |
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| first immigrant group to have an immigration law passed against them; only immigrant group to ever be excluded from immigration to the U.S. |
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| trade route through Asia; trade with other people and going to help when they come to the U.S. |
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| naturally divided by topography(mts, rivers, deserts) ; cultural divisions in regions ( languages) |
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| geographically; mountains and rivers separate cultures |
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| where most chinese came from; on the coast of china known for fishing, trading, and fireworks |
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| city in Guadong, mostly merchants and seafaring people; most chinese immigrated from this port |
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| a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line |
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| Chinese Blood related/Extended Families living in compounds together following eldest male |
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Definition
| Links to Chinese ideology that family is more important to individual thus clan name is always disclosed first |
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Definition
| Patriarchal. Industrial based. Lost power because of westernization and imperialism. |
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Definition
| Birth rates rose, death rates fell. Poor areas had a larger amount of people |
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| push factor for chinese; invasion of country by external country. British French and German took over coastal areas of China or opium silk gunpowder/explosives, rice, tea ;taking over jobs causing overpopulation |
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| (1898-1901)Takes place in Northern China. Challenges foreign powers coming into China because they want to govern themselves in trade and of themselves. Imperialism - against the colonization of China. Foreign powers divide China up into the Sphere of Influence. National alliance of 8 countries bring 20,000 troops (Qing dynasty isn't officially supporting but are funding). Countries that came into China told them that they need to pay 67 million pounds (More than the annual revenue of China) |
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| a huge destructive wave that destroyed ports in Canton Province |
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| Chinese come to the US to mine for gold with no intentions of staying. Would send money home. Mining and building railroads sustained the Chinese much more though |
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| Chinese name for "California". Meant "Gold Mountain"; go for jobs but unknowingly no jobs they heard of (factories in NY and Boston) |
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| San Fran. ethnic enclave and ghetto away from wasps where 300,000 chinese immigrated to |
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| Often known as the forty-niners, a miner that took part in the Calafornia gold rush in 1849; some Chinese did this despite forign miners tax |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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Definition
| Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US |
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Definition
| job available to skilled chinese; required them to light explosives through mountains. very dangerous very high paying |
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Definition
| You go to a farm and work a particular job, and then move to another farm and do another job. You are only hired for a block of time. Does not pay well. Fits in well with chain migration |
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Definition
| In 1860, the sex ratio of males to females was already 19:1. In 1890, the ratio widened to 27:1. For more than half a century, the Chinese lived in, essentially, a bachelor society where the old men always outnumbered the young. In order to sustain their population after the Chinese Exclusion Act, there was an immeasurable amount of illegal immigration. Plus, the Chinese had created an intricate system of immigration fraud known as "paper sons." |
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Definition
| A confederation of Chinese merchants in San Francisco who helped employ Chinese immigrants; head of families generated in China |
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Definition
| men who did not have families in China; bastards by Chinese Government; unrepresented men in America-- street gang |
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Definition
| Chinatown, district that offered sinful services such as opium and prostitution |
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Definition
| fear that the Chinese could get together with all the Asian groups and take over the world |
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Definition
| irish immigrant who led riots against chinese immigrants, "the Chinese must go"; trying to get people to hate the Chinese |
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Definition
| chinese immigrants were in jail to save themselves and they could be protected from the riot; when they were let out there homes were destroyed and property was damaged |
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Term
| Rock Springs Massacre of 1885 |
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Definition
| 28 Chinese laborers were killed; attack on just their homes |
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Term
| The Chinese Question of 1867 |
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Definition
| Can we deport or kill the Chinese? |
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Term
| Naturalization Act of 1870 |
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Definition
| limits citizenship to whites and blacks |
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Term
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
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Definition
-Restricted immigration on the base of race and class
-Shut the door on Chinese immigration for ten years – periodically renewed until extended indefinitely in 1902
-Passed in Senate and House, President vetoed, but becomes a law
-Repealed in 1943
-Angel Island |
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Term
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Definition
| The United States boundary changes in California to where the water meets the beach. Fisherman could no longer go out in the water without being deported; forces eating of meat instead of fish |
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Term
| Chae Chan Ping V. US 1889 |
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Definition
| supreme court case where ping argued Chinese Exclusion Act was unconstitutional; Ruling decided that US government can pass any immigration law it wants |
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Definition
| passed in response of Chinese men marrying white women; anxiety about white women voting; if you are a white women and you marry a chinese immigrant then you loose your right to vote |
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| "West Coast Ellis Island". Most who arrived were removed because they couldn't prove that they had family there |
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Definition
| Because of the Earthquake of 1906 Thousands of Chinese immigrated with fake birth certificates could not deny since papers were destroyed in fire |
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Term
| 20th Century Images of Chinese in America |
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Definition
| economic depression will affect the chinese; give tours of Chinatown to show how bad and scary it was to help make money |
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Definition
| wants to take white women and do bad things to them; bad side of chinese |
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Definition
| good side of chinese; detective, very much a character |
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Definition
| white actors that portray themselves as Chinese |
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Term
| Naturalization Act of 1943 |
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Definition
| - ends CHineses Exclusion Act as a result of World War II because they are allies against the Japanese; can go through process of citizenship;allows 105 chinese immigrants over a year |
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Term
| Chinese Communist Revolution |
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Definition
| october 1, 1949; Mao Zedong; "The peoples republic of china" |
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Term
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Definition
| was a Chinese communist revolutionary, and political theorist. Founder of the People’s Republic of China from its establishment in 1949, he governed the country as Chairman of the Communist Party of China until his death |
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Definition
| result of change in stereotype in 1950s ; what we want all minorities groups to be like: be smart and give us things we want |
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Term
| Italy Versus Southern Italy |
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Definition
| two different groups of people |
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Term
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Definition
| people who were educated, protestant, light skinned, diverse economy, banker and lawyer |
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Term
| Restaurants/Grocery stores |
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Definition
| brings things that we really like; oregano and spices |
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Definition
| less of cosmopolitan, unskilled farmers, very few owned land, culture is backwards, catholic |
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Definition
| a day laborer, works the land that someone else owns |
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Definition
| family is the most important thing, uphold the family honor, only trust relations |
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Term
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Definition
| family feuds; romeo v. juliet-most famous vendetta; ends in death |
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Definition
| going to keep families honor-women will keep her virtue by staying a virgin |
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Term
| The Showing of the Sheets |
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Definition
| couple has sex on the marriage day and they show the sheets after with blood to show that she is a virgin |
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Term
| Religion for Southern Italians |
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Definition
| roman catholicism; non-institutional catholic church; do not attend church very much, not a good relation with the church |
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Term
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Definition
| believe in spirits, ward of the spirits with the evil eye; other people are going to see it as strange |
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Definition
| no intention to stay in the U.S., work here for 5 years then go back to italy and not come back after |
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Term
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Definition
| holds signs to help identify people from different regions, welcome them to america and help you find a job and a place to live; get you a better job and will get 20% of your paycheck |
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Term
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Definition
- Mainly children and women worked in these, girls worked in factories from 3 – 8. At the age 8 they were seen as at the age of womanhood. Males worked form 3 – until they died
- 15 dollars a week was made by the whole family |
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Term
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Definition
| southern italians want to help each other out; might all share a living space to help pay rent and eat dinner together to save money; goal is to live this way long enough until everyone has money |
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