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American Perspectives L2
Midterm
154
History
9th Grade
01/20/2011

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Term
IWW
Definition
also know as the Wobblies, labor union that went on strike and were therefore assumed to have ties to the communist party during the 1st Red Scare
Term
Sacco and Vanzetti
Definition
2 Italian anarchists charged with robbery and murder, did not receive a fair trial, convicted without hard evidence and executed during the 1st Red Scare
Term
Palmer Raids
Definition
led by the U.S. Attorney General, numerous individuals arrested and deported because of suspected communist activities during the 1st Red Scare
Term
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Definition
charged with giving secrets about the atomic bomb project to the Russians, convicted of espionage and executed during the 2nd Red Scare
Term
Blacklisting and HUAC
Definition
charged people with ties to the communist party, 300 people ( including the Hollywood 10) can no longer find work in the U.S. during the 2nd Red Scare
Term
Settlement housed
Definition
large buildings in crowded immigrant neighborhoods of industrial cities, where workers provided services for neighbors and sought to remedy poverty
Term
Pogroms
Definition
an organized, often officially encouraged massacre or persecution of a minority group, especially Jews.
Term
Steerage
Definition
the way most immigrants traveled on steamships, bottom of the boat, very cramped conditions
Term
Espionage
Definition
another term for spying
Term
Tenement houses
Definition
run-down apartments that barely met minimal standards
Term
Indian Removal Act
Definition
pushed all Indian tribes west of Mississippi, enacted by Andrew Jackson
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
spreading of western technology and religion westward-picture
Term
How Indians assimilated with white settlers
Definition
took up slave holding, adopted large scale farming, and practiced western education
Term
Cherokees - Trail of Tears
Definition
approximately 4000 died - today would be considered an act of genocide
Term
Northern and Western Europe
Definition
old immigrants
Term
Southern and Eastern Europe
Definition
new immigrants
Term
Dawes Act
Definition
extended laws of the U.S. over the Indians
Term
40%
Definition
percentage of current U.S. citizens who can trace at least one of their ancestors to Ellis Island
Term
Life of an average Chinese immigrant
Definition
many worked on Transcontinental Railroad, laundries, or opened restaurants, most arrived and were processed at Angel Island in San Francisco and lived on the west coast
Term
Salad Bowl Theory
Definition
newly arrived immigrants retained unique aspects of their culture, aka pluralism, created the hyphenated American
Term
Melting Pot Theory
Definition
immigrants blend old traditions with new ones
Term
Know Nothings
Definition
strong nativists, tried to decrease immigration to the U.S., limited to British Protestant males over the age of 21, most members were part of the middle class.
Term
Push and Pull factors
Definition
Economic (pull) - instant wealth, cheap farmland, more job opportunities, higher pay
Push factors - cultural fights, lack of political or religious rights, famine, drought
Term
new immigrants
Definition
Southern and Eastern Europe
mostly Catholic or Jewish
inexpensive to travel across Atlantic (steerage), passports unnecessary
settled in ghettos
salad bowl
kids worked
some went to school
Term
Negative effects of Industrial Rev. in Europe
Definition
More pollution, high unemployment, low wages, decline in agriculture
Term
Immigrant adjustment to American life
Definition
took low paying dangerous jobs, had very little money, learned basic English, many became farmers and lived off the land, settled in ghettos, retained much of their own culture
Term
Life of an immigrant child
Definition
wanted to be seen as Americans, worked long hours for low pay in dangerous jobs to help support their families, learned English quickly if they attended school and often had to translate for parents, played American games and wore American clothing
Term
typical ghetto
Definition
communities of one culture of ethnic group, people living there spoke their native language, were located mainly in cities along the east coast
Term
Problems caused by immigration
Definition
poor sanitation, increase in the crime, more competition for jobs, overpopulation, over crowding
Term
Gentleman's Agreement
Definition
agreed upon by Teddy Roosevelt and the Japanese Gov't, and the San Francisco Board of Education to set up oriental only schools
Term
1921 Emergency Quota Act or National Origins Act
Definition
allowed 3% of immigrants into the country
Term
Immigration Act of 1924
Definition
did not allow Jews in Germany to escape Nazi persecution, goal was to freeze ethnic distribution, limited the numbers of immigrants to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the U.S.
Term
Anti-immigration arguments
Definition
increase job competition, leads to a "brain drain" in home countries, immigrants negatively impacts the environment, immigrants refuse to assimilate, immigrants save money and send it back home instead of spending it here
Term
Pro immigration arguments
Definition
immigrants spend money in U.S. which helps the economy, immigrants are ineligible to receive services such as publicly funded health care, immigrants take jobs that no one else wants, immigrants pay taxes when they receive a paycheck from their employer
Term
Red Scare
Definition
occurred in 2 waves, created a nationwide hysteria against anyone who had ties to communism, 2nd wave is often called McCarthyism, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Sacco and Vanzetti
Term
Great Migration of African Americans
Definition
most migrated to escape racism and seek employment opportunities in industrial cities, 2 million African Americans moved from the south tho the Midwest, northeast, and west, all but stopped in the 1930s as a result of the Great Depression, sought more jobs in the industrial North, occurred in 2 major waves
Term
New Great Migration of African Americans
Definition
moved because factories were closing down in Northeastern and Midwestern cities, growth of high quality jobs in the South, and improved race relations in South
Term
Okies
Definition
included many Native Americans, most came from Oklahoma and traveled along Route 66, fled Great Plains because of Dust Bowl and Great Depression, most came to California to work on agriculture
Term
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
Definition
discontinued the quota system, set and annual limit on visas-first come first served, family reunification visas were unlimited, first time Mexican immigration was restricted
Term
Immigration from Vietnam during and after the Vietnam War
Definition
fled their country due to communist persecution, poverty, and post war destruction, sailed across the Pacific in old, crudely made boats which were often unsafe, included immigrants from Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
Term
Illegal immigrants
Definition
About 12 million living in U.S. today
Term
Jane Addams
Definition
Founder of Hull House in Chicago
Term
Susan B. Anthony
Definition
One of the main leaders during the suffrage movement
Term
Andrew Carnegie
Definition
wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth"
Term
John L.Sullivan
Definition
coined the term Manifest Destiny
Term
William "Boss" Tweed
Definition
political machine leader in NYC, received kickbacks, agreed to fraudulent contracts, and was responsible for other corrupt practices
Term
Will Rogers
Definition
Cherokee Indian that became a cowboy, comedian, vaudeville performer, actor and one of the best-known celebrities in the 1920s and 1930s
Term
Jacob Riis
Definition
muckraker and photojournalist who exposed the poor living conditions in NYC tenement housing
Term
Henry Ford
Definition
industrialist who utilized the moving assembly line and changed the face of manufacturing forever
Term
Al Capone
Definition
Chicago gangster that was known for boot legging during prohibition and was convicted on tax evasion
Term
Gino Merli
Definition
Local war hero and recipient of the Medal of Honor in WW11
Term
Billie Jean King
Definition
Won a total of 39 Grand Slam tennis titles
Term
Jim Thorpe
Definition
one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports who is part Native American
Term
Babe Ruth
Definition
One of the greatest baseball players of all time known for hitting home runs
Term
Jackie Robinson
Definition
Brought an end to racial segregation in professional baseball
Term
Michael Jordan
Definition
regarded as one of the the basketball players of time, nicknamed "His Airness"
Term
Advertising
Definition
Industry that helped create demand for goods in the 1920s
Term
Productivity
Definition
increased rapidly because of assembly-line techniques
Term
Union
Definition
Group of workers who are organized for the purpose of gaining better wages, hours and other benefits
Term
Assembly Line
Definition
a production system in which the item being built moves along a conveyor belt to various workstations
Term
Installment Buying
Definition
paying for an item over time in small payments
Term
Dwight Eisenhower
Definition
Commander of U.s. forces during the D-Day invasion and later became President
Term
Cold War
Definition
Era of high tensions between the world's superpowers
Term
Baby Boom
Definition
large amounts of births that occurred as a result of soldiers returning home after WWII
Term
Rosie the Riveter
Definition
symbolized the contributions of working American women during WWII
Term
Clark Gable
Definition
America film actor that starred in "Gone With the Wind"
Term
Immmigration
Definition
the introduction of new people into a habitat or population
Term
Emigration
Definition
the act of leaving one's native country or region to settle in another
Term
Migration
Definition
the movement of humans
Term
Assimilation
Definition
the gradual adoption of the customs and attitudes of the established culture
Term
Nativism
Definition
favoring the interest of established inhabitants compared to those who are new immigrants
Term
Push Factors
Definition
conditions that drive people to leave their homes
Term
Pull Factors
Definition
conditions that attract people to a new area
Term
Refugee
Definition
a person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecution
Term
Displaced Person
Definition
a person who has been forced to leave his or her native place
Term
Urbanization
Definition
the growth of the cities
Term
Choctaw
Definition
tribe located mainly in Mississippi which was forcibly removed to lands east of the Mississippi
Term
Chickasaw
Definition
tribe located mainly in Mississippi that received money in exchange to move to lands east of the Mississippi
Term
Creek
Definition
tribe located mainly in Alabama, also called the Muskogee, signed a treaty and moved peacefully to Indian reservations
Term
Cherokee
Definition
tribe located mainly in Georgia that tried to fight legally for their right to be sovereign nation, but ultimately was forcibly removed during the Trail of Tears
Term
Seminole
Definition
tribe located in Florida that fought in three wars to try to stay on their land but were eventually paid to leave
Term
Helped double America's economy during the early 1900s
Definition
automobile, discovery of oil, weapons manufacturing
Term
Influenza
Definition
soldiers returning from WWI brought this disease back to the U.S. causing a major epidemic
Term
Henry Ford
Definition
equipped his factory with an assembly line to build cars that the average American could afford
Term
Roaring Twenties
Definition
era that brought boom in cars, consumer goods, radio and advertising
Term
Zimmerman Telegram
Definition
proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico
Term
Scopes Trial
Definition
pitted religious beliefs against academic freedom and science
Term
Scopes Trial Prosecutor
Definition
William Jennings Bryan
Term
Scopes Trial Defense Attorney
Definition
Clarence Darrow
Term
Scopes case
Definition
Brought idea of teaching evolution in school - Scopes found guilty later verdict was overturned because of a technicality
Term
19th Amendment
Definition
gave women the right to vote
Term
Speakeasies
Definition
establishment that illegaly sold alcohol
Term
Restriction of Alcohol
Definition
Alcohol viewed as major problem that led to crime and abuse
Term
Radio
Definition
helped create a large common culture by breaking down barriers that separated country and city dwellers
Term
Progressive Era
Definition
period of activism and reform, favorable attitude toward urban-industrial society, belief in mankind's ability to improve the environment and conditions of life, belief in obligation to intervene in economic and social affairs
Term
Isolationism
Definition
policy adopted by Woodrow Wilson in 1914
Term
Events that led U.S. to get involved in WWI
Definition
Sinking of Lusitania and Zimmerman telegram
Term
Major events between 1910 and 1919
Definition
sinking of Titanic, Jim Thorpe won two Olympic gold medals, formations of Girl Scouts of America, WWI
Term
Yellow Journalism
Definition
distorted stories, for sole purpose of boosting newspapers and exciting public opinion
Term
Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"
Definition
hazardous working conditions of Chicago's meat packing industry
Term
America fashion at turn of last century
Definition
formal and romantic
Term
Life during the Great Depression
Definition
money was scarce, people lost jobs
Term
FDR
Definition
fireside chats
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
caused farmers to pack their families into cars, tie their few possessions on the back and seek work in the agricultural fields or cities of the West
Term
Dorothea Lange
Definition
photograper who captured the rural poor on film "Migrant Mother" is most famous
Term
The Star Spangled Banner
Definition
became national anthem in 1931
Term
Americans committed to policy of isolationism
Definition
Great Depression left no money to spend on military
Term
Role of Women during WWII
Definition
kept up demand for war supplies,took industrial jobs planted victory gardens, dealt with wartime rationing and bought war bonds.
Term
Hollywood's Role during WWII
Definition
supporting the war effort
Term
Difference of Govt. Spending between Depression and WWII
Definition
focused on domestic programs during the Depression and then shifted to focus on war
Term
1929
Definition
Stock Market Crash
Term
1937
Definition
market took a sudden and alarming drop
Term
New Deal Goals
Definition
Relief
Recovery
Reform
Term
Important events of 1940s
Definition
WWII, Victory gardens, Scrap metal drives, Dropping of atomic bombs, food rationing
Term
1939 technology
Definition
80% of Americans had radios
Term
Big Band
Definition
music of 1940s
Term
1940s presidents
Definition
FDR, Truman
Term
GI Bill
Definition
allowed more men to go to college
Term
1940's
Definition
many women left home to enter the work force
Term
WWII
Definition
cause many intellectuals to flee Europe and come to U.S.
Term
Abstract expressionism
Definition
most popular art during the 1940s
Term
The Slinky
Definition
most popular toy invented n the 1940s
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
goal to rebuild and create a stronger economic foundation for countries of Europe
Term
Harry Truman's Presidency
Definition
adopted policies to contain communism, this resulting in beginning of Cold War
gave order to drop bomb on Hiroshima dn Nagasaki to end WWII
NATO was established during his presidency
Term
South Korea
Definition
U.S. supported them during the Vietnam War
Term
Effects of Korean War
Definition
Divided at the 38th parallel
Separated by the DMZ
ended stalemate ( armistice, armed truce)
Term
music of 1950s
Definition
Rock 'n' Roll
Term
Major Events During 1950s
Definition
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Brown v. Board of Education
Red Scare
Term
Popular TV shows of 1950s
Definition
Leave It to Beaver, The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy
Term
Eisenhower
Definition
created Interstate Highway System
Term
AFL-CIO
Definition
two labor unions that united
Term
Vietnam War
Definition
US supported South Vietnam
Viet Cong used guerrilla warfare tactics
US viewed their involvement as strategy to contain communism
Term
Sputnik
Definition
Earth's first orbiting satellite
Term
tech of 1960s
Definition
90% of Americans had tvs
Term
Major Events of JFK's Presidency
Definition
Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, creation of Peace Corps
Term
Lee Harvey Oswald
Definition
assassinated JFK
Term
Johnson's "Great Society"
Definition
civil rights, aid to education, environmental protection
Term
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Definition
gave Johnson legal justification for U.S. to engage in warfare against N.Vietnam
Term
Kent State
Definition
May 4, 1970
Ohio National Guard opened fire on Vietnam War protesters resulting in deaths of 4 students
Term
Hippie Movement
Definition
"Summer of Love", Woodstock, anti-war protests, drug culture
Term
Popular Bands or Musicians from 1960s
Definition
Beatles, The Kinks, Bob Dylan, Rolling Stones, Beach Boys
Term
Environmental Protection Agency
Definition
created during Nixon's presidency - result of rising concerns over environmental protection and conservation
Term
Watergate Scandal
Definition
Nixon resigned from office
Term
Gerald Ford
Definition
only President never elected as President or Vice President
Term
Roe vs. Wade
Definition
court case gave women the right to have an abortion
Term
Jimmy Carter
Definition
Camp David Accords
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Iranian Hostage Situation
Term
Moral Majority
Definition
Jerry Falwell
Term
1980s technology
Definition
PCs, VCRs, CDs
Term
Ronald Regan
Definition
War on Drugs, fall of Berlin Wall, Iran Contra Affair, end of Cold War
Term
Challenge Shuttle
Definition
exploded
Christa McAuliffe - first member Teacher in Space Project
many students watched it live
Term
George H.W.Bush
Definition
Soviet Union dissolves
First Gulf War
Negotiation of NAFTA
Term
World Wide Web
Definition
launched in 1993 - system of interlinked documents accessed via the Internet(free)
Term
Bill Clinton
Definition
"Don't ask, don't tell" policy
Oklahoma City bombing
Columbine School Massacre
Term
September 11, 2001
Definition
2 planes crash into World Trade Center
1 plane crashes into Pentagon in Washington,DC
1 airplane crashes in Shanksville , PA - after several passengers and crew members attempt to regain control from the hijackers
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