Columbus and other early explorers searched for a direct route to Asia because they?

A.hope to gain easier access to highly valued Asian goods

B.could help western Europe win the crusades

C. Could prove the earth was round instead of flat

D.thought Japan and china were rich and not Poor

The map European voyages of discovery depicts the 1497-1499 journey around Africa bywhich of the following?

A.da gama

B.cabot

C.cartier

D.magellan

Which of the following made this remark about the natives of San Salvador "these people are very unskilled in arms...with fifty men they could all be subjected and made to do all that one wished.?

A.vasco nunez

B.ferdinand magellan

C.francisco pizarro

D.christoherColumbus  

By the treaty of tordesilla 1494 Spain had authority to exploit all of

A.north and south America except brazil

B.africa and the middle east except egypt

C.South America except columbia

D.north America and centrial America but not south

In the 1670's thousands of pueblo rebelled to drive the 

A.the Spanish from new mexico

B.portuguese out of brazil

C.spanish from florida

D.frefrom out of texas

When discussing the question of the terrible decimation of the native American people's after 1500 your text concludes that most deaths resulted from

A.eruopean diseases

B.intertribal warfare

C.modern weaponry

D.extermination of traditional game

The exploration and exploitation of the America's in the sixteenth century was dominated by

A.holland

B.spain

C.egland

D.frace

One of the majorreasons the Protestant reformation succeeded was that

A.ittalian merchants realized it made fewer financial demands on them then catholicism

B.political figures could use its challenge to rome's spiritual authority in order to increase their power

C.the catholic church made many enemies by strongly attacking luxury and corruption

D.it encouraged democratic revolutions to overthrow monarchies throughout Europe

The king who brought the Protestant reformation to England by declaring himself head of the English church in order to divorce his first wife was

A.charles v

B.henry viii

C.james i

D. Richard iink

In arguing for royal assistance for english colonization Richard hakluyt stressed the 

A.military advantage of building forts to threaten Spanish treasure fleets

B.likelihood of settling religious dissenters and criminals in the new world

C.possibilities of jointly exploiting the new world with spain

D.need to prevent Dutch expansion

According to your text the organizing force in the effort to found English colonies came from 

A.Protestant reformers

B.queen elizabeth

C.political reformers

D.merchant capitalist

The earliest British colonies were initially financed by

A.elizabeth i

B.joint stock companies 

C.james i

D.protestant dissenters

A serious problem in the early years of Jamestown was the

A.lack of pioneering skills among the settlers

B.religious strife between Protestant and catholics

C.loss of life from constant Spanish rads

D.exclusive focus on public improvements and farming 

Initially the Powhatan native Americans reacted to the Virginian colonials by 

A.helping them survive

B.worshipping them as gods

C.eagerly accepting their religion

D.rapidly adopting their technology

The pilgrims left England primarily because they

A.werenexpelled from England by the govenrent

B.believed the church of England was too corrupt to save

C.wanted to form a profitable trading company

D.wanted to establish a colony where everyone could have freedom ofreligions

The mayfower compact was an early example of the idea that

A.a society should be based on a set f rules chosen by its members

B.a colony should treat the native Americans honestly and fairly

C.the colonists needed to have a financial stake in their success

D.toleration of all reigions is a foundation of American society

The first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony was 

A.edward winslow

B.william bradford

C.john smith

D.john Winthrop

To who was William Bradford referring to when he described someone possessed with "many precious parts, but very unsettled in judgment?

A.ignatius loyola

B.john winthrop

C.roger williams

D.anne Hutchinson

In the proprietary colony the proprietors income resulteI primarily from

A.profits from trading with the native americans

B.annual rents from lands granted to settlers

C.import and export duties paid by colonists

D.payments from the monarchy

The colony founded as a religious refuge for Catholics was

A.rhode island

B.new jersey

C.virginia

D.maryland

New Yorswaps an English colony because the English

A.planted a colony there before any other colonizing power

B.immigrants to the area gradually overwhelmed foreign interests

C.captured the area from the Dutch

D.defeated the French in the war of Spanish succession

The Quakers religious beliefs were based on

A.submission to the governmental authority

B.a hierarchical society led by a hereditary nobility

C.an educatEd and ordained ministry

D.direct mystical experience of religious truth

Except possibly for the Spanish friars, most Europeans considered the native Americans to be 

A.contemptible heathens

B.their equals in every way

C.people who should be left alone and uncontaminted by European civilization

D.ideal converts to christianity

1) According to your text, the answer to the question, "What is an American?" is that Americans

A.were mostly Europeans whose institutions easily fit American conditions

B.have shared a common religious devotion

c.have had faith in democracy and freedom.

 d. have an identity deeply rooted in their history, but still incomplete and evolving 

2) Spain's northern frontier of New Mexico and Texas was characterized by

a.complete domination of Plains Indians by Spain's military outposts

b.a total and effective enslavement of the Indians

c.powerful Comanche resistance to the Spanish aided by their use of horses and guns.

The map, "Spain's North American Frontier, c. 1750" shows the northernmost point of Spanish settlement on the Pacific coast was at

a.San Francisco

b.Tucson.

c.Monterrey.

 d.San Diego.

Until late in the eighteenth century, the Chesapeake Bay area was characterized by a?

a.surplus of women settlers.

b.well-ordered, church-dominated society.

 c.remarkablY high death rate.

d. large number of unmarried widows

According to your text, white women in the colonial Chesapeake region

a.benefited from the healthy climate and the orderly society 

b.greatly outnumbered men and found it difficult to marry

c.usually lived on luxurious plantations with the most modem conveniences

d.found it easy to remarry if they were widowed

The map, "English Colonies on the Atlantic Seaboard," shows that the present state of Vermont was at one time claimed by both  

a.New York and New Hampshire.

b.Maine and Massachusetts

c.France and England

d.England and the Netherlands

_______servants agreed to work for a stated period in return for their transportation to America.

a.Journeymen

b.Foundling

c.Headright

d.Indentured

Slavery of blacks in the British colonies was

a.unique, since no other colonial nation had ever enslaved blacks

b.simply copied from the institution of slavery already existing in England

c.restricted to the southern colonies

d.firmly established by laws in Virginia and Maryland at least as early as 1660 

One inducement for the shift toward slave labor in the late 1600s was that

a.slaves were considerably cheaper than indentured servants

b.indentured servitude was prohibited by Parliament

c.proved to be immune to the diseases which afflicted white indentured servants

d.fewer indentured servants were arriving at the same time that it became easier to import slaves 

The main supporters of Virginia's royal governor, Sir William Berkeley, during Bacon's Rebellion were the  
a.Virginia Regulators.

b.well-established, powerful planters

c.landless freemen

d.western frontier planters

Slave labor so dominated the rice plantations of __________ from its founding that by 1730 a majority of its population was black

a.Georgia

b.Florida

c.Virginia

d.South Carolina

d.South Carolina

Which statement about black resistance to slavery is true?

a.There was little to no personal violence between blacks and whites because of the deterrent effects of harsh punishments 

b.Most runaway slaves were field hands

c.Slaves with valuable skills were treated better and were less likely to run away

d.Organized slave rebellions were infrequent

Which of the following statements about Charleston in the early 1700s is true?

a.It was unrivaled in its shipbuilding production.

b.It was the South's only urban center of importance

c.It prospered because of its rejection of European middlemen

d.It succeeded despite the lack of a proper harbor 

Formal education for average children in the southern colonies was

a.almost nonexistent in their rural society

b.highly developed, with public funding of primary, secondary, and college levels

c.patterned after the village system used in New England

d.not valued, even by the wealthy planter elite 

The Anglican Church was "established" in certain colonies, which meant that

a.every citizen had to pay 10 percent of his or her income to the Anglican Church

b. all laws had to be approved by the church.

c.it had the same legal status and privilege as any other religious group.

d.its ministers were supported by public funds

James Oglethorpe received a charter to establish ________ , the final English colony, as a refuge for honest people imprisoned for debt

a.Georgia

b.Massachusetts

c.pennsylvania

d.south carolina

The British government's primary concern in establishing Georgia

a.gaining commercial profit through royal monopolies

b.allowing prisoners a fresh start in life

c.placing a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida

d.creating a base for raids on Spanish shipping 

In 1771, frontier Regulators from______ protesting their lack of representation in their colonial assembly, were defeated in a pitched battle with government troops

a.new york

b.north carolina

c.viginia

d.georgia

At the center of the Puritans' plan for the proper ordering of society was the

a.free marketplace economy

b.necessity for religious toleration

c.concept of the covenant

d.absolute separation of church and state 

A basic characteristic of the colonial family, especially in New England, was

a.large numbers of women never married because they worked full time

b.a family group wich was both nuclear and partiarchal

c.much lower status of women than in europe

d.almost total equality between men and women 

Colonial women generally, and New England women particularly, were

a.better educated then colonial men

b.seen by men as primarily mothers and wives

c.able to vote in town meetings and hold local office

d.routinely involved in civic and political affairs

The main evidence presented against the accused witches in Salem Village was the

a.sudden increase in birth deformities among livestock

b.frightening total solar eclipse of that year

c.recent and devastating typhoid fever epidemic

d.raving testimony of young girls 

In 1636 the Massachusetts General Court appropriated funds for the first college in America, which was later named  

a.Columbia

b.Yale

c.William and Mary

d.Harvard

the driving force of the colonial new england economy became

a.small textile factories and their workers

b.maritime trade and thoes engaged in it

c.banking and financial services

d.fishing and whaling

because of their ethnic and religious heterogeneity the colonies which possessed traits that later would be seen as distinctly american were

a.the middle colonies

b.north and south carolina

c.virginia and maryland

d.the new england colonies

One of the few advantages a colonial governor had in conflicts with his colonial subjects was his

a.permanent tenure of office.

b.complete freedom to maneuver without restrictions imposed on him by the king

c.financial independence from the colonial legislatures.

d.power to summon and dismiss the colonial assembly

In nearly every colony, the most powerful part of the government tended to be the

a.governor

b.governor's council

c.royal judges

d.colonial legislature 

In the l680s, James II tried to unify royal control of the northern colonies by creating the

a.Board of Trade

b.Dominion of New England

c.Office of Colonial Administration

d.Dominion of North America 

The Board of Trade's power to recommend disallowance of colonial laws was

a.used against only a small percentage of the laws which it reviewed

b.theoretical only, since the Crown seldom accepted its recommendation

c.used against more than half of the laws which it reviewed

d.ended by a royal order of 1696 because of the colonists' petition 

The British government of the American colonies 

a.was strongly centralized from its very beginning

b.became less effective and centralized from 1660 to 1776

c.never developed an effective, centralized government

d.had little subsequent influence on the development of American government

The seventeenth-century economic theory which viewed colonies primarily as sources of raw materials
is most accurately labeled

a.mercantilism

b.protectionism

c.free trade

d.imperialism

Which of the following was most highly-valued by British mercantilists?

a.the markets of New England

 b.the sugar from Barbados

 c.manufactured imports from North America

d. importation of new world fish, wheat, and corn

Beginning in the 1650s, Parliament tried to prohibit foreign goods and vessels from colonial ports and
to channel colonial raw materials to England through the

a.Mercantile Acts

b.Colonial Trade Office

c.Board of Trade

d.Navigation Acts 

In practice, the British mercantile system worked so that the

a.colonies' interests predominated over those of the mother country 

b.mother country's interests predominated over those of the colonies

c.colonies and mother country were equal partners, sharing a general imperial interest

d.interests of the northern colonies were favored over the southern colonies

George Whitefield's greatest contribution to the Great Awakening was his

a.intellectually rigorous theological system

b.insistence that the Church of England was the only true church

c.ability to stir an audience emotionally by his oratory

d. strong appeal to the religious establishment 

The Great Awakening tended to emphasize

a.an emotional and revivalistic style of religion 

b.human reason and scientific observation as the key to truth

c.preaching to those who were already church members

d.the basic goodness and sinlessness of human nature

The view that the universe is based on impersonal, scientific laws which govern the behavior of all
matter, animate and inanimate, was basic to the

a.Great Awakening

b.Puritans

c.Enlightenment 

d.Quakers

A key contribution to American political thinking was the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke relating
to

a.personal property

b.religion

c.mercantilism 

d.philosophy

America's most famous Enlightenment figure, inventor of the lightening rod and bifocals, organizer of
a hospital and a circulating library, was

a.Thomas Jefferson

b.David Rittenhouse

c.Cotton Mather

d.Benjamin Franklin 

The greatest source of trouble between the French in Canada and the British in New England was the

In 1758                took over British leadership of the French and Indian War, pouring soldiers and

money into North America

In January 1776, the British pushed the colonists toward independence by hiring mercenaries. 

The author of the tract, Common Sense, which boldly called for complete independence and attacked not only King George III, but also the idea of monarchy itself, was

"We have it in our power to begin the world again. A government of our own is our natural right. O! ye
that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose not only tyranny but the tyrant, stand forth."

This statement is typical of the ideas of 

Jefferson's general statement of the right of revolution. 

an incompetent and unprofessional British army. 

Patriots were more numerous than Tories, but large numbers of Americans were indifferent. 

Battles in and around _______ in August and September of 177 6 were ignominious defeats for Washington's forces and seemed to presage an easy British triumph in the war. 

New York City 

The major British defeat of 1777 at ________was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign

In which of the following was there a mutual agreement that the signatories would aid each other in
the war or the event of war with Great Britain, while also recognizing the United States as a sovereign and

            independent state? 

Treaty of Alliance between France and the United States 

Valley Forge. 

French fleet winning control of Chesapeake Bay and preventing Cornwallis from escaping from the
peninsula by sea. 

refusing to rely on the Comte de Vergennes and negotiating a separate treaty with Great Britain. 

According to the map, "The United States under the Articles of Confederation, 1787," one state which
claimed that its western boundary extended to the Mississippi River was 

North Carolina. 

The union of American states under the Articles of Confederation was a 

league of friendship, in which the states were sovereign and the national government had only weak
delegated powers. 

taxing American citizens directly 

Robert Morris. 

The most significant change in the new state governments was the 

removal of outside control, making them more responsive to public opinion. 

During the Revolutionary War, the new constitution of _____replaced the office of governor with an elected council of twelve members. 

Pennsylvania 

Many states seized the occasion to introduce important political and social reforms. 

primogeniture and entail. 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 

The immediate effect of the American Revolution upon slavery was that 

northern states moved toward emancipation of their slaves, and most southern states restricted the
importation of slaves. 

died where it was not economically important. 

 How did the Revolution affect attitudes toward the education of women? 

The idea of female education began to be accepted as important in a republic. 

emerged out of the necessity to unite in order to win the war. 

common sacrifice by soldiers and civilians during the war. 

Land Ordinance of 1785. 

The measure which established governments for the western territories was the 

Northwest Ordinance of 1787. 

 In comparing the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 with the system by which Great Britain governed her
colonies, it would be most accurate to say that the British system was 

 adopted for the intermediate stage of territorial development, which would give way to statehood in
the third stage. 

 As a general, George Washington 

lacked genius but was a remarkable organizer and administrator. 

George Washington's greatest strength as a national hero was his 

personal sacrifices and his obvious disinclination toward becoming a dictator. 

 "We ought not to consider ourselves as inhabitants of a particular state only, but as Americans." This
statement typified the ideas of 

Noah Webster. 

 The outstanding painter of the great events of the Revolution, best known for works such as The
Battle of Bunker's Hill and The Declaration of Independence was 

John Trumbull. 

 One example of the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the United States
to 

force England to abandon military posts it built beyond the boundaries of the original thirteen states. 

The nation which caused a major problem for the new government of the Articles of Confederation when it closed the lower Mississippi River to American commerce was 

 After the Revolution, the American balance of exports and imports became 

very unfavorable as British merchants poured low-priced manufactured goods into America. 

In 1786 Massachusetts debtor farmers rebelled against the state government and were defeated in battle. This was____Rebellion. 

Shays's 

"A little rebellion" is "medicine necessary for the sound health of government." This statement was made by 

Thomas Jefferson on Shays's Rebellion. 

It was difficult to amend the Articles of Confederation because amendments had to be approved by 

unanimous consent of the states. 

The model for many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was the 

Roman republic. 

The Great Compromise settled the issue of representation in Congress by allowing 

each state two Senators and a number of Representatives that depended on its population. 

The principle of the Three-Fifths Compromise was that 

three-fifths of the slaves would be counted in determining each state's representation and share of
direct federal taxes. 

The most drastic departure from past experience under the new constitution was the creation of a 

powerful presidency. 

The president's veto power and the impeachment power of Congress are both examples of 

checks and balances. 

Patrick Henry 

 Much Anti-Federalist opposition to the Constitution disappeared when 

the Federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people. 

During the ratification of the Constitution, the bitter disputes in _____ led to the writing of the Federalist Papers. 

New York 

George Washington's Cabinet was chosen 

without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him. 

 As president, George Washington 

was careful not to exceed the powers given him by the Constitution. 

 The Bill of Rights guaranteed that Congress would not interfere with the right(s) to 

freedom of speech, press, and religion. 

 Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States needed a 

strong national government. 

 Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit presented a plan deliberately intended to 

give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support. 

 The author of the Report on Manufactures, which was a bold call for national economic planning, was 

Alexander Hamilton. 

 Which of the following committed the United States to be "friendly and impartial" in the wars that
raged in Europe in the late 1800s? 

Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 

 After Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793, France 

attacked American shipping, as did England, despite American neutrality. 

 The French Revolution and the ensuing war between France and Great Britain tended to 

widen the split between American political parties. 

 When confronted by the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, Washington 

suppressed it peacefully with a tremendous show of force. 

 In his "Farewell Address," George Washington indicated his 

belief that political parties were harmful and divisive.