First Europeans to come to America around 1000CE

Led by Leif Erikson

Came to northeast coast

Italian, one of first Europeans to go to China

His book led Europeans to want to trade with China and India

First to sail to India in 1498

Portuguese

Went around southern tip of Africa along Portuguese posts

1494 - Pope forces Portugal and Spain to split world in half for exploration

Line of Demarkation - through middle of India

English explorer, landed in Newfoundland

1497 - sailed to North America and claimed some land for England

First European to NA since the Vikings

Spanish explorer

First to sail around globe in 1519

Died in Phillipines, but his ship made it so he got credit

1519 - conquered Aztecs in Mexico

Spanish

Renaissance man, Queen Elizabeth's favorite boyfriend

1585 - landed on Roanoke island, just off Virginia

Colonized, left for 3 years, came back and everything was gone

1594, sailed to South America looking for El Dorado (city of gold)

Allowed investors to pool money and start a business rather than an individual funding everything

Separates business assets from personal, makes it less risky to investors

Company is run by directors, owned by investors who share profits

Wall of limited liability

English captain

Second to sail around the world

Led English fleet in fight against Spanish Armada - 1588

1607 - first colony in Americas

at James River - Jamestown

Made of second sons of aristocrats, almost fails

James I gave them charters, gives them "rights of an Englishman"

Leader of London Company (Virginia Colony at Jamestown)

Started fights win Powhatan Indians

1619 - first legislature in America

Founded in Jamestown, Virginia

House of Burgesses refuses to help against Indian uprising on frontier

Army formed by Bacon forms to stop Indians

They burn the House of Burgesses down in Bacon's Rebellion

Settled in NJ in 1688

conservative Protestants who reject Catholocism and Anglicism

Pacifists, refuse to join military or pay war taxes

William Penn

William Penn -Pennsylvania

Quaker

tolerant of all religions

Philidelphia - first planned city in New World

Dutch explorer - found and claimed Hudson River, but didn't colonize it

Near NY

James II decides to manage colonies, appoints Sir Edmond Andros as governer of New England

He's a terrible leader and when James II gets overthrown, colonists tar and feather Andros

Joined English in the French and Indian war

Virginians send George Washington to send French out of Ohio River area

They ignore warnings and make Fort Dequesne in Virginia

Washington and troops form Fort Necessity during battle with Dequesne, Washington loses and surrenders

France, Spain, Some Indians on one side

England, Some other Indians on the other

Conflict over Ohio River valley and Fort Dequesne

English win, gain Canada from French and Florida from Spanish

Spanish get Louisiana from French as compensation

France no longer has North American presence

Also called Seven Years War

King George III makes Proclamation line to west of colonies to prevent them from going west

He did it because the bigger they got the harder they would be to govern

10,000 British soldiers sent to defend border, England says they're defending rom Indian attackers

Serfs are indentured and work land for wealthy lords and stuff

When feudalism ends, some early serfs purchase their freedom early and become the future middle class which like to colonize

Formed by John Calvin's Separatist Puritans

First colony to have majority rules government

Mayflower Compact

Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

From Genoa, Italy

Wanted to go West to China, Italians didn't want him to because they controlled the port to get there going East

They tried to kill him so he went to Prince Henry of Portugal who tried to kill him also

He went to Spain during the Moor wars, he waits 8 years for them to finish and then they send him on his journey

Landed in San Salvador (West Indies), made governer, arrested for nepotism

Italian explorer for France, claimed some land which John Cabbott had also claimed

landed near New England

1513 - walked across Panama, first to reach Pacific ocean from America

Claimed Pacific and all it touched for Spain

Explored Central US and Mexico

Brought horses to North America

Site of first English colony in the new world

off the coast of Virginia

Grenville landed there, went back to England, came back and the colony was gone

They left with Drake when he came after attacking St. Augustine

Joh Calvin started Puritanism, separated from Catholic church

Non-conformist Puritans stayed within Anglican church to reform people

Separatists left the Anglican church, some went to Holland and then America

attacked England in 1588 due to English privateering (government backed pirating)

Armada goes in English channel and a big storm comes and sinks most of them

Causes the gradual Spanish decline and English rise

Virginia Colony

First permanent English settlement in America

formed by London Conpany

James I of England gave them charters and "rights of an Englishman"

Located at James River

In a swamp, no women, mostly lazy aristocrats, almost fails

Made tobacco farms profitable and saved American colonization

1613 - first tobacco shipment back to England

tobacco becomes Virginia's main crop, plantation system developed

indentured servitude - hard to enforce there

Started Georgia's criminal colony

Philanthropist

Believed people should live in rural areas

Colony was allowed because it would put them in the way of Spanish harrassers from Florida

Made Calvinism (Predestination)

Protestant Reformation

James II

Points a cannon at New Amsterdam and takes it

Calls it New York

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is tolerant of all religions

Philidelphia was first planned city in New World

First planned city in new world

Pennsylvania

City of brotherly love

Protestant - Founded Rhode Island

First truly self-governing colony

1643

Defense pact from Native Americans

Also provided for the return of criminals and indentured servants

Founded Quebec in 1608

First French colony in new world

Louisiana + Canada, before they lost the French and Indian war

Mostly trading posts for furs

Didn't exist after they lost the war

Explored the Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France

Also explored great lakes

Colonists took Fort Louisburg in Nova Scotia

Spanish cut off Jenkins' ear after invading his ship

When the war was over, England gave back Fort Louisburg without telling the colonists

Started by Ben Franklin in 1754

Defense treaty against French

New England and Middle states involved

failed after a couple of days

End of French and Indian war

Gave Canada to England, Florida to England, Louisiana to Spain

Taxed all legal documents within the colonies to make money

Taxation without representation

Repealed when colonists boycotted British goods

Assembly of people to boycott the law

"No taxation without representation"

Led by Sam Adams

group of radical protestors

Said Parliament can tax whatever they want

Passed after the Stamp Act was repealed

Was at the weapons base thing in Concord

Protestor, Sons of Liberty

Taxes on everyday stuff like tea, sugar, paper, paint

Allowed warrantless searches

did away with trial by jury in colonies

suspended NY legislature as punishment for not obeying quartering act

Repealed, except for tea tax, the day of the Boston Massacre

1770

Fight started between some hoodlums and 8 British soldiers

It draws a crowd, someone fires, 9 people get killed

Crispus Attucks died

Black guy who died in the Boston Massacre

First person shot during the massacre

Coercive acts

Boston port closed, Massachusetts meetings outlawed, 

Trials inEngland, Forced quartering bill

Tax on tea from Townshend act left in place to say that England can still tax stuff if they want

1774

Gave area north of Ohio river to Canada

Trade boycott

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Started by John Calvin

Predestination

Some stayed in the Anglican church to purify it

Some left for Holland and eventually got on the Mayflower to Plymouth

The Puritans rode on that to Plymouth

Mayflower Compact says they rule by majority vote

Puritans who got a charter from the King by saying they were a business venture

Led by John Winthrop

Eventually join with Plymouth to make Massachusetts

First public schools and college, Harvard 1636