Term
| Why did the Puritans form Massachusetts? |
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Definition
| They intended to build a "city upon a hill," a model community so glorious in its purity that England would have no choice but to admire and emulate it. |
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Term
| Give four examples of Puritan intolerance. |
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Definition
1. Roger Williams the extreme Separatist.
2. The case of Anne Hutchinson.
3. The hanging of 4 Quakers.
4. The Salem witch trials. |
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Term
| Why did the Puritans NOT believe in the separation of Church and State? |
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Definition
| The Puritans believed the church and the state had to work together in order to achieve the "city on a hill." |
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Term
| Give 4 reasons why Puritans became more tolerant? |
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Definition
1. The 1st generation of Puritans died off, and the 2nd generation was demoralized.
2. The Puritan mission had failed.
3. William and Mary imposed tolerance.
4. Wealth. |
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Term
| Why was Pennsylvania formed? |
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Definition
| William Penn began Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. |
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Term
| Why did the Quakers believe in the separation of Church and State? |
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Definition
| The Quakers feared that state power would corrupt their church. |
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Term
| Why was Virginia founded? |
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Definition
| It was formed in order to find gold. |
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Term
| How tolerant was Virginia colony (compared to Massachusetts and Pennsylvania)? |
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Definition
| Virginia was more tolerant than Massachusetts and less tolerant than Pennsylvania. |
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Term
| What was the reason Virginia became more tolerant? |
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Definition
| A result of the Great Awakening (?) |
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Term
| What King was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who replaced James II after the Glorious Revolution? |
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Definition
| Mary (JamesII daughter) and William |
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Term
| Who passed the Enclosure Acts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who persuaded Parliament to pass the Enclosure Act? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 accomplishments of the Mayans. |
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Definition
| calendar, pyramids, concept of zero, forecast eclipses, written language |
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Term
| How were kings able to pay for exploration? |
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Definition
| They taxed and borrowed from new middle class of merchants. |
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Term
| What are 2 navigational devices. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Columbus' motive? |
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Definition
| Trying to find a straight sea route to the orient. |
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Term
| Name 4 reasons Cortez was able to conquer the Aztecs. |
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Definition
1. Indian legends of white gods coming to conquer the Aztec society.
2. horses and guns
3. disease
4. disunity of the Indian tribes. |
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Term
| Name 4 Native American crops. |
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Definition
| Corn, beans, squash, potatoes. |
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Term
| What were Martin Luther's Doctrines? (4) |
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Definition
1. Predestination
2. Justification by faith alone
3. spripture alone
4. Priesthood of all believers
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Term
| How did Calvin Differ from Luther? |
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Definition
| Calvin believed that Christ was only present in spirit at communion; Luther believed in Consubstantiation (the belief that the bread and wine co-existed with the body and blood of christ in the same space. Also, Luther believed the individual believer had the authority to interpret scripture for himself, but needed a clergy to help interpret ignorant peoples. Calvin believed in congregationalism (a system in which each individual congregation appointed its own minister and set up own doctrine). |
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Term
| What was Englands position on catholic rituals and heirarchy during Henry VIII's rule? |
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Definition
| Broke away from catholic church, kept rituals, but changed the pope to the king-->anglican church. |
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Term
| What did Elizabeth I change during her rule? |
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Definition
| She eliminated the cult of the saints and allowed clergy to marry. |
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Term
| What did Charles I in order to cause civil war? |
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Definition
| he taxed without parliament consent (which violated the magna carta) and he persecuted protestant descenders. |
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Term
| Why was Oliver Cromwell's rule unpopular? |
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Definition
| He was somewhat of a Puritan- he banned drinking, dancing, plays, etc. He also kept taxes high (i think in order to keep his large army). |
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Term
| Who led Pilgrim colony of Plymouth in early years? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Massachusetts leader 1st disgressed the concept of "city on a hill"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was John Peter Zenger? |
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Definition
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Term
| What colony did Roger Williams establish? |
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Definition
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Term
| Significance of Mayflower Compact? |
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Definition
| set a precedent for the written constitution. |
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Term
| Significance of John Peter Zenger? |
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Definition
| led to free speech tradition. |
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Term
| What was the Great Awakening a reaction to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the revival of the Great Awakening begin? |
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Definition
| Germany in 1690 and spread to America |
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Term
| Who began the revivalism called the "little awakening"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who captivated American crowds in 1734 and 1740? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 effects of the Great Awakening |
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Definition
1. Developement of Colleges
2. Religious Toleration Broadened
3. Blacks converted to Christianity
4. American Revolution |
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Term
| Who commanded British and French forces during Battle of Quebec? |
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Definition
British forces- James Wolfe
French forces- Joseph de Montcalm |
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Term
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Definition
| a favorable balance of trade. sell more than you buy. national wealth of trade. |
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Term
| What were the Navigation Acts?(3) |
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Definition
1. imports can only be carried on british ships with british crews.
2. tariffs (taxes) on imported goods
3. British government would pay subsidies to people who produced essential goods. |
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Term
| What were the 3 legs of the Triangular trade? |
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Definition
1. New England sailed to africa to trade rum for slaves.
2. sailed from africa to west indies to trade slaves for sugar.
3. sail from indies back to new england to use sugar to make rum. |
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Term
| What was Salutary Neglect? |
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Definition
| aka Beneficial Neglect- British policy leaving the colonies alone |
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Term
| 3 causes of Salutary Neglect. |
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Definition
1. Walpole was Prime minister of Britain.
2. colonial assemblies gaining power.
3. series of wars between england and france. |
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Term
| How did British capture Quebec during the Anglo-French wars? |
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Definition
| British scaled cliff, cut off French supply- starving French troops-- forcing troops to attack. |
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Term
| Treaty of Paris (year?) ended what war? |
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Definition
| Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French and Indian war (aka 7 year war). |
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Term
| name 3 terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763) |
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Definition
1. French gave Canada to British.
2. French gave Louisiana to ally (Spain)
3. Spanish had to give Florida to Britain in order to get Phillipines and ? back. |
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Term
| Explain Copernicus' theory. |
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Definition
| Heliocentric theory- theory that the sun was center of universe, but planets rotate once per day and revolve once per year around the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| He came up with the true orbit of the planets around the sun. The sun is the center of the universe and the planets revolve elliptically- eliminating epicycles. |
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Term
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Definition
| came up with the laws of inertia. an object that is in motion or at rest stays in that state unless affected by a force. |
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Term
| Who declared that gravity was universal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were John locke's theories (2)? |
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Definition
1. if the king violated rights of life, liberty, and property, the citizens had aright to over throw him.
2. psychological theory- everyone is born with a blank slate; we are what our environment makes us. |
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Term
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Definition
| in a "state of nature" without any form of govt. men would kill each other for wealth and power. in order to resolve this problem people must sign the "social contract". (agreement that placed ppl in obedience of govt) |
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Term
| Adam smith argued what in wealth of nations? |
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Definition
| "laissez-faire"- government should intervene as little as possible in the economy. let supply and demand control the economy (attacks merchantilism). |
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Term
| Significance of Thomas Hobbes? |
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Definition
| Changes the Divine Right theory to social contract theory- changes faith to reason. |
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