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American History II -- Test 3
History
48
History
Undergraduate 2
12/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Rolling Thunder
Definition
- Air bombing campaign
- Bombing occurred when the US entered the Vietnam War
— authorized by President Johnson
Term
Counterculture
Definition
- Various alternatives to mainstream values and behaviors that became popular in the 1960's, including experiments with psychedelic drugs, communal living, a return to the land, Asian religions, and experimental art.
Term
Stonewall Rebellion
Definition
- June 28, 1969
- Police raided a gay bar and the patrons fought back
- June 27th, 1969
Term
Black Power
Definition
- Philosophy emerging after 1965 that real economic and political gains for African-Americans could come only through self-help, self-determination, and organizing for direct political influence.
Term
Nation of Islam
Definition
- Religious movement among black Americans that emphasizes self-sufficiency, self-help, and separation from white society.
- Dr. Yacuh created the white race and it was evil
- They were not traditional Muslims
Term
Black Panthers
Definition
- Political and social movement among Americans, founded in Oakland, California, in 1966 and emphasizing black economic and political power.
- Used guns and fire arms for protection
- They were ok with violent protests and demonstrations
Term
Tet Offensive
Definition
- Was technically a cease fire for the Vietnam holiday
- North Vietnam conducted a sneak attack on this day
Term
OPEC
Definition
- Decided in 1973 to impose an oil embargo on the United States as punishment for American support of Israel
Term
Watergate
Definition
- A complex scandal involving attempts to cover up illegal actions taken by administration officials and leading to the resignation of president Richard Nixon in 1974.
Term
Camp David Agreement
Definition
- Agreement to reduce points of conflict between Israel and Egypt in 1977 with the help of Jimmy Carter
Term
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Definition
- 60 US hostages were taken from the US embassy in the capital of Iran
- They were only freed in 1980 after negotiations between the US and Iran
Term
Neoconservatives
Definition
- Supported Reagan's "Government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem."
Term
Economic Recovery and Tax Act (ERTA)
Definition
- A major revision of the federal income tax system
Term
Reaganomics
Definition
- Mixture of Trickle-down economics and supply-side economics
Term
Deregulation
Definition
- Reduction or removal of government regulations and encouragement of direct competition in many important industries and economic sectors.
-
Term
Regan Doctrine
Definition
- The assumption that Soviet-influenced governments in Asia, Africa, and Latin America needed to
be eliminated if the United States
was to win the Cold War.
- Made it clear that it was the right of the States that were fighting against Communists.
Term
Iran-Contra Affair
Definition
- Reagan Administration's secret efforts to sell weapons to Iran in return for Iranian help in securing the release of Americans held hostage.
Term
Glasnost
Definition
- Mikhail Girbachev
- His encouragement of new ideas and political repression in the Soviet-union.
Term
Intermediate Nuclear Force Agreement
Definition
- Disarmament agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union under which and entire class of missals would be removed and destroyed and on-site inspections would be permitted for verification
- First step in nuclear disarmament
Term
Operation Desert Storm
Definition
- Code name for the successful offensive against Iraq by the United States and its allies in the Persian Gulf War in 1991.
Term
Persian Gulf War
Definition
- War between Iraq and a U.S.-led coalition that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from that country.
- 1991
Term
Roe v. Wade
Definition
- U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1973 that disallowed state laws prohibiting abortion during the first three months of pregnancy and established guidelines for abortion in the second and third trimesters.
Term
AIDS
Definition
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- Epidemic emerged within gay communities around the 1980's
Term
Bosnia
Definition

- Civil War in 1995

- Used to be part of the Yugoslavia

- Christian Serbs were engaged in a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Bosnian Muslims of the regions.

- Violent wide spread massacres

- Deportation of Muslims

Term
Neoliberal
Definition
- Advocate of or participant in the effort to reshape the Democratic Party in the 1990's around a policy emphasizing economic growth and competitiveness in the world economy.
- Wanted to lessen economic disparity
- Wanted to build up the middle class
- Wanted to build up economic strength internationally
- Make the federal government more efficient and less costly
- Increased taxes on the wealthiest 1.2% of Americans
Term
Contract with America
Definition
- Refusal of Congress to authorize interim spending and forced the federal government to shut down for 3 weeks
Term
Whitewater
Definition
- Arkansas real estate development in which Bill and Hilary Clinton were investors; several fraud convictions resulted from investigations into... but evidence was not found that the Clinton's were involved in wrongdoing.
Term
Internet
Definition
- Wide-spread use grew during the 1990s
Term
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Definition
- Agreement reached in 1993 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States to substantially reduce barriers to trade.
Term
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Definition
- Internation organization that sets standards and practices for global trade, and the focus of international protests over world economic policy in the late 1990's.
Term
9/11
Definition
- September 11th, 2001
- World trade centers were attacked
- 4 planes were hijacked ,by a terrorist group named Al-Quida, and flown into US Buildings
- 2 planes went into each of the World Trade Centers, 1 Went into the Pentagon, and the other one was taken over by the passengers, and it never made it to its destination.
Term
PATRIOT Act
Definition
- Federal legislation adopted in 2001, in response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, intended to facilitate anti terror actions by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
Term
Iraq War
Definition
- "War on Terror"
- Still unsure of the real reason for invading Iraq?
- American took Saddam Hussein out of power.
Term
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)
Definition
- Federal program in 2008 to purchase or guarantee shaky bank assets to protect the economy from widespread bank failures.
- Bad for the economy
Term
Malcolm X
Definition
- Leading black Muslim of the Black Power movement
- Was assassinated
Term
Richard Nixon
Definition
- Elected in 1968
- Brought the Vietnam war to an end
- Suspended the draft
- Opened trade relations with Communist China in 1971
- His income tax cut made inflation worse
- Watergate Scandal
- Resigned from his presidency
Term
Jimmy Carter
Definition
- Elected in 1976
- Didn’t know what he was getting himself into
- Iranian Hostage Crisis happened during his presidency
Term
Ronald Reagen
Definition
- Elected president in 1980, serving two terms
- Continued the policy of bringing down Communism all over the world
- "Government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem."
- Economic and Recovery Tax Act
- Deregulation
- Saving and Loan Crisis 1990
- War on Drugs
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Intermediate Nuclear Force Agreement
Term
Mikhail Gorbachev
Definition
- Leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1985
Term
George H.W. Bush
Definition

- Elected president in 1988 to 1992

- Taking Down the Berlin Wall

- 1990-Operation Desert Storm

Term
Saddam Hussein
Definition
- Dictator of Iraq
- Captured by the US in December 2003, and was tried and executed by the Iraqi people 3 years later
Term
Bill Clinton
Definition
- Elected president in 1992, server two terms.
- US becomes a “Global Peace Keeper”
- Believed in Neo-liberalism
- Was not successful in Health Care reform
- Whitewater Scandal
- Monica Lewinsky Scandal
• Committed perjury under oath
- Economy flourished during his presidency
Term
Newt Gingrich
Definition
- Far right Republican who disliked Clinton and his wife
- Member of the House
- Resigned as Speaker of the House after trying to impeach Clinton
Term
George W. Bush
Definition
- Elected president in 2000, served two terms.
- Re-instituted “Reaganomics” but took it a step further
- Massive tax cuts
- Economy went downhill
- 9/11
- War on Terror-Taliban
- PATRIOT act
- The Department of Homeland Security was established
- Director of the Intelligence Organizations was created
- Bush Doctrine
- Hurricane Katrina
- Economy crashed in 2008, “Great Recession”
Term
Osama Bin Laden
Definition
- Terrorist Leader
- named as the mastermind of the World Trade Center attacks
Term
Barack Obama
Definition
- Democratic nomination in 2008, elected president
- 1st African American President
- Gets a lot done in his 1st 100 days in office
- Very concerned with health care, but there are bigger issues.
- Very slow economic recovery starts
Term
Perestroika
Definition
- Mikhail Girbachev
- His efforts to make the Soviet economic and political systems more modern, flexible, and innovative.
Term
Kosovo
Definition
Ethnic Independence movement
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