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American History II
Unit 1
19
History
10th Grade
04/20/2010

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Term
Laissez-faire
Definition
policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy.
Term
Gross National Product
Definition
the total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year.
Term
Big business
Definition
dominated the economy, operating vast complexes of factories, warehouses and distribution.
Term
Corporation
Definition
an organization that is authorized by law to carry on an activity, but treated as though it were a single person
Term
Fixed costs
Definition
costs a company has to pay whether or not it is operating.
Term
Operating costs
Definition
fees that occur when a company is in operation
Term
Economies of Sale
Definition
reduction in the cost of a good brought about by increased production at a given facility.
Term
Vertical Integration
Definition
when a company owns the different businesses it depends on for its operation.
Term
Horizontal Integration
Definition
combining many firms doing the same type of business into one large corporation.
Term
Urbanization
Definition
the expanding of cities made by immigrants moving into towns.
Term
Political machines
Definition
an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government.
Term
Graft
Definition
the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician
Term
Populism
Definition
political movement founded in the 1890s representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other large industries.
Term
Greenbacks
Definition
paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver coins.
Term
Inflation
Definition
decline in the value of money
Term
Deflation
Definition
increase in the value of money
Term
Progressivism
Definition
a political movement that crossed party lines which believed that industrialization and urbanization created many social problems and that government should take a more active role in dealing with these problems
Term
Muckrakers
Definition
a group of journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruptions.
Term
Prohibition
Definition
laws banning the manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol.
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