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American History FINAL
Part 3: Toward Civil War
126
History
Undergraduate 2
12/08/2010

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Term
Who invented Cotton Gin?
Definition
Eli Whitney
Term
Who invented the Steel Plow?
Definition
John Deere
Term
Who invented the mechanical reaper (harvester)? (2)
Definition
Sirus McCormick and Obed Hussey
Term
Who invented teh Steam Engine?
Definition
James Watt
Term
Who invented the first successful commercial steam boat?
Definition
Robert Fulton
Term
Developed the clipper ship?
Definition
Donald Mccay
Term
Who's work was Samuel Moris's invention (Telegraph) based?
Definition
Joseph Henry
Term
Who led the movement to build insane asylums?
Definition
Dorthea Dix
Term
Proposed the Erie Canal?
Definition
Dewitt Clinton
Term
Who was the Leading spokesperson for Cult of Domesticity?
Definition
Catherine Beecher
Term
Who were the famous members of the American Colonization society?(5)
Definition
James Madison, James Monroe, Henry Clay, John Marshal, and Daniel Webster
Term
Who was the most famous conductor of the Underground R.R.?
Definition
Harriet Tubman
Term
2 bodies of water that is connected by erie canal?
Definition
Hudson river and lake erie
Term
what did Samuel Moris invent?
Definition
Telegraph
Term
What was the 2nd Great Awakening?
Definition
Religious revival movement
Term
What was the 2nd great awakening a backlash to?
Definition
relgious rationalism and materialism
Term
what reforms were proposed by Horace Mann (3)?
Definition
1. Public Education-must have a minimum of 6 months for a school yr
2. Teacher training institutes
3. State Boards of Education
Term
What was the Temperance movemt?
Definition
attempt to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol
Term
Disagreements within the Temperance movement? (2)
Definition
1. use laws to eliminate consumption of alcohol vs the persuasion to consume less
2. trying to decide which type of alcohol is bad
Term
What were the prison reforms?
Definition
1. building of penitentiaries
2. abolition of prison for debt
Term
Women were inherently diff. from men in 3 ways:
Definition
1. more emotional
2. more moral
3. less intellectual
Term
What spheres did each gender belong according to the Cult of Domesticities?
Definition
female- domestic
male- public
Term
What did the AM. colonization Society compose?
Definition
emancipation combined with colonization- slaves emancipated and then relocated in Africa and re-colonized
Term
Fredrick Douglas lectured on who's lecture?
Definition
Am. Antislavery Society
Term
What important book did Fredrick Douglas write?
Definition
His autobiography
Term
What was the name of the 1st antislavery newspaper?
Definition
Liberator
Term
National Organization that Garrison helped establish?
Definition
Am. Antislavery Society
Term
Garrison's position on Emancipation and Compensation?
Definition
Immediate emancipation and NO compensation
Term
What was Underground R.R.?
Definition
System for helping runaway slaves to the north or Canada
Term
Beliefs that romantic writers shared?
Definition
Emphasize spirit over matter, intuition over reason, and existence of human nature (this contradicted Locke's "blank slate" theory)
Term
What was the diff. btwn Fictionalists and Transcendentalists?
Definition
Fictionalists (Poe,Hawthorne, Melville) believed human nature was bad
Transcendentalists believed human nature was good
Term
Sig. of agriculture and transportation invention?
Definition
encouraged settlement of west
Term
sig. of Erie Canal?
Definition
Encouraged settlement of Northwest- led to canals being built all over US
Term
Sig. of Telegraph?
Definition
1st major communication invention
Term
4 effects of 2nd Great Awakening?
Definition
1. reawakened old religions (baptism and methodist)
2. increased belief in free will
3. new denominations began (Mormon)
4. increased belief in post millenialism
Term
sig. of temperance movement?
Definition
helped decrease alcohol consumption
Term
sig. of cult of domesticity?
Definition
weakened women's rights
Term
sig. of american colonization society?
Definition
largest antislavery society
Term
sig. of frederick douglas?
Definition
persuaded many that black intellect was not inferior
Term
Sig. of Underground R.R.?
Definition
Freed 1000 slaves a yr
Term
Sig. of William Garrison?
Definition
established 1st antislavery newspaper in America, the Liberator.
Term
What president began the spoil system on a large scale?
Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
Who wrote the Maysville Roadbill?
Definition
Henry Clay
Term
Who vetoed the Maysville Roadbill?
Definition
Jackson
Term
Who destroyed the National Bank?
Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
Who wrote S.C. exposition and protest?
Definition
Calhoun
Term
What was the spoils system?
Definition
a process by which a political leader removed members of the opposing party from offices under his jurisdiction and replaced them with members of his own party.
Term
What did the Maysville Roadbill propose?
Definition
proposed federal funding for a road btwn Maysville and Lexington, Kentucky
Term
Why did the 2nd bank of US apply for an extention of its charter 4yrs early?
Definition
Henry Clay was in a runoff against Andrew Jackson, and he persuaded Biddle to apply early in order to make it an issue for Jackson- causing him to lose. But Jackson won the election anyways and eventually killed the 2nd bank of US.
Term
Effect of Andrew Jackson's veto in 1832(?)?
Definition
helped Jackson win election against Clay
Term
What action did Jackson take in 1833?
Definition
Destroy the 2nd National bank- placed money in pet banks and paid federal expenses with withdrawls from it, while denying it new funds.
Term
What action did S.C. take concernign the tariff of 1832?
Definition
tried to nullify (inactivate) the tariff of 1832.
Term
How is the nullification crisis (S.C.-tariff of 1833) settled?
Definition
Henry Clay's Compromise of 1833- the tariff would be lowered over a nine year period to a maximum of twenty percent.
Term
What did the Indian Resettlement Act of 1830 do?
Definition
Moved indians from east to west of Miss. River
Term
What did Jackson think of Indians?
Definition
Thought they were primitive race, blocking civilization.
Term
What is the ultimate origin of southern distinction?
Definition
climate and soil
Term
What effect did warm climate and fertile soil have?
Definition
cash crops
Term
What was teh effect of cash crops?
Definition
plantations
Term
3 effects of plantation system?
Definition
slavery, rural society, small homogenous population
Term
What was the effect of slavery?
Definition
racial fear
Term
4 factors that benefitted slaves?
Definition
1. economic interest of slave holders
2. masters paternism
3. covert(secret) means of existence
4. slave community and culture
Term
3 great examples of northern racism during antebellum period?
Definition
practiced legalized segregation, high property qualifications for blacks, blacks could not enter certain states (NW)
Term
What organization did the Know-Nothing Party originate?
Definition
Order of the Star Spangled Banner
Term
2 chief demands of know-nothing party?
Definition
1. exclude immigrants and catholics for office
2. increase time to become citizen from 5 to 21 yrs
Term
what event destroyed the know-nothing party?
Definition
passage of kansas-nebraska act
Term
Sig. of spoil system?
Definition
Lowered moral of federal workers, also took a lot of president's time
Term
Sig. of Maysville veto?
Definition
prevented federal funding for internal improvements
Term
Sig. of Jackson's destruction of National Bank?
Definition
20 yr cycle of boom and bust
Term
Destrution of nullification Doctrine?
Definition
Led to Civil War
Term
Sig. of Jackson's Indian Policay?(3)
Definition
Blackhawk Indian War, Seminole War, Cherokee Trail of Tears
Term
5 steps in which US expanded geographically after 1783?
Definition
1. Louisiana Purchase 1803
2. Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 = Florida
3. Annexation of Texas 1845
4. Buchanen-Packenham Treaty 1846= Oregon (NW US)
5. Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo 1848 = SW US
Term
Effects of Am. Geographical expansion?
Definition
1.LA purchase- a. undermined strict contruction of US constitution
b. kept US agricultural
c. helped cause Civil War
2. Mexican War- a. improved respect of US army
b. undermined relation of Latin Am.
c. helped cause Civil War
Term
inventions that allowed US economic expansion
Definition
1. cotton gin, steel plow, mechanical harvester
2. steamboat, train, clipper ship
3. steam powered textile machinery
Term
Who were texans and mexican generals at the battle of san jacinto?
Definition
texan- Sam Houston
mexican- Santa Ana
Term
Who were democratic and whig candidates in election of 1844?
Definition
Democratic- James K Polk
Whig- Henry Clay
Term
Who commanded Am. soldiers in the Southern-Mexican campaign?
Definition
Winfield Scott
Term
What Am. negotiated the Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo?
Definition
Nicholas Trist
Term
Who were whig and Democrat candidates of election of 1848?
Definition
Whig- Zach Taylor
Dem- Lewis Cass
Term
Who's sawmill was gold discovered in 1848?
Definition
John Sutter
Term
Who led the drive for the compromise of 1850?
Definition
Henry Clay
Term
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Definition
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Term
Who led the rave on Harper's Ferry?
Definition
John Brown
Term
Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Definition
Steven Douglas
Term
Who wrote the majority opinion for Dred-Scott Decision?
Definition
Robert B Tiny
Term
Candidates for election of 1860?
Definition
Lincoln- Republican
John Breckinridge- Southern Democrat
Douglas- Northern Democrat
Bell- Constitutional Union
Term
Who ordered whom to attack Fort Sumter?
Definition
Davis ordered Beauregard
Term
Why did Am. and Texas go against mexico?
Definition
santa ana tried to take away the rights of texans- rights they had been granted
Term
What position did polk take on texas and oregon in election of 1844?
Definition
Oregon- occupy all of oregon
Texas- annex texas
Term
Why did clay lose the election of 1844?
Definition
Clay's shift to oppose the annexation of Texas cost him the election.
Term
What military victory led to capture of New Mexico City?
Definition
Cerro Gordo- Robert E. Lee outflanked mexicans and drove them from Cerro Gordo
Term
Terms of treaty Guadeloupe-Hidalgo?
Definition
Mexico gave Texas, Mexico, and California to the U.S. for 15million and would pay American citizens’ $3.25 million claims against the Mexican government.
Term
Why did Taylor win the election of 1848?
Definition
The Free Soil Party siphoned votes from Cass in New York to give Taylor the state and the election.
Term
Terms of Compromise of 1850?
Definition
Tougher fugitive slave law, california a free state, new mexico got texas land, no slave trade in dc, utah and mexico popular sovereignty
Term
3 causes of civil war
Definition
disputed expansion of slavery, poor leadership, passion (north and south), panic of 1857, addition of new free states, Lincoln's victory of election of 1860, S.C. succession
Term
What was Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Definition
anti-slavery novel that exaggerated the brutality of slavery
Term
What did Kansas-Nebraska act do?
Definition
repelled the missouri compromise- and instead kansas-nebraska had popular sovereignty of choice- free or slave
Term
Controversial part of dred-scott decision?
Definition
both missouri compromise and kan-nebraska were unconstitutional. neither congress or territory legislatures could not prohibit slavery in the territories
Term
What was teh Lacompton Constitution?
Definition
pro-slavery constitution that kansas citizens rejected. then sent to congress, who also rejected it.
Term
2 parts of lincoln's platform in 1860?
Definition
end to expansion of slavery, homestead act- give free land out west, high tariffs, transcontinental railroad.
Term
What could Jefferson Davis have done instead of attacking Fort Sumter?
Definition
starved them out
Term
Sig. Battle of San Jacinto?
Definition
secured independence for texas
Term
sig of southern-mexico campaign?
Definition
ended with capture of mexico city and end of the mexican war
Term
sig. of gold rush?
Definition
cali. gained enough ppl to apply for statehood- applied free-set union off balance
Term
sig of compromise of 1850?
Definition
held union together for another decade- north got stronger
Term
Sig. of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Definition
helped prevent Britain and France from recognizing the confederacy, undermined fugitive slave law
Term
Sig. of Harper's Ferry and Election of 1860?
Definition
led to succession of deep south
Term
sig of dred-scott decision?
Definition
examples of southern passion
Term
sig of attack on ft. sumter?
Definition
succession of upper south and start of civil war.
Term
Who developed the Anaconda Plan?
Definition
Winfield Scott
Term
Who commanded the Union and Confed. forces at 1st battle of Bull Run?
Definition
Union- Mccdowell
Confed- Beauregard
Term
What AM. naval commander seized Brit. steam ship the Trent?
Definition
Charles Wilkes
Term
What union naval commander helped capture N.O.?
Definition
Farragut
Term
What union commander waged the Peninsula campaign?
Definition
George Mcclellan
Term
Who commanded confed. and union troops at battle of Antietem?
Definition
Union- Mcclellan
Confed- Lee
Term
Commanded un. and con. troops at battle of Gettysburg?
Definition
Union- Meade
Confed- Lee
Term
Un. and Conf. at battle of Vicksburg?
Definition
Union-Grant
Confed- Pemberton
Term
Un and Northern Democrat party candidates?
Definition
Union party- lincoln
Northern Dem- Mcclellan
Term
Who commanded confederate forces against Grant's Virginia Campaign?
Definition
Robert E. Lee
Term
What were 4 steps of Anaconda Plan?
Definition
1. surround enemy
2. capture miss. river -split south
3. take control of R.R.
4. Capture richmond
Term
Why did Union lose battle of Bull Run?
Definition
Jackson held line which allowed time for Johnston to arrive with reinforcements
Term
What mistake did confed. make after 1st battle of bull run?
Definition
not pursuing and capturing captial of DC- ending the war
Term
How was Farragut able to capture N.O.?
Definition
Confed. had chain and Farragut split it (?)
Term
Why did Mcclellan's Peninsula campaign fail?
Definition
gets within a few miles of Richmond and stopped to wait for reinforcements
Term
Why did lee lose battle of antietam?
Definition
one of generals left invasion plans and mcclellan got a hold of them and cut him off
Term
Emanc. Proclamation stated?
Definition
slaves held in Confederate territory would be free after july1, 1864.
Term
How did Grant capture Vicksburg?
Definition
crosses Miss. River- beats johnson in miss., defeats pemberton, pemberton retreats to vicksburg, vicksburg surrounded
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