Term
| When did the second wave of immigration occur? Who did it consist of? |
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Definition
| 1492 - onwards; Europeans and Africans |
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Term
| Where do we get our information about the first Americans? |
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Definition
| Archeological findings and recordings from explorers |
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Term
| What was the League of the Iroquios? |
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Definition
| 5 tribes that lived in what is now upstate New York and they joined together to form a league or confederacy as allies. |
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Term
| What European nation pioneered in geographic and martime research? What name do we associate with this? |
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Definition
| Portugal; Prince Henry the Navigator |
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Term
| How did the original Americans vary? |
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Definition
| they differed in clothes, religion, technological advances, culture, cilization, government, and they spoke over 1,200 different languages |
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Term
| Who were the first Europeans to come to America? When? Who was their leader? |
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Definition
| Norse - Vikings (from Norway); around the year 1,000; Lief Ericson |
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Term
| What was the source of food the Eastern Woodland Indians? What 3 techonological advances did they lack? |
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Definition
| They were hunters and farmers so they ate animals and food they grew such as corn, pumpkin, squash and beans. They lacked 1.Plows 2.working animals 3.the wheel |
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Term
| How did the Indian attachment to their land differ from the that of the Europeans? |
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Definition
Indians believed the land belonged to the tribe as a whole group.
The Europeans believed in individual, exclusive ownership of land. |
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Term
| Were the Indians peaceful? |
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Definition
| No, Indian tribes fought other tribes, fighting was used as a right of passage for young men, fighting was also a sport. |
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Term
| Name the 3 groups of Eastern Woodland Indians |
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Definition
1. Algonquian
2. Muscogeans
3. Iroquoian |
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Term
| What reasons can you give for the sudden European expansion in the 15th century? (6) |
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Definition
1. Religion - Crusading Mentality
2. Alternate trade route
3. Nation States - finance
4. Technology - Ships, navigation equipment, gun powder
5. Population in Europe was increasing
6. Renaissance - Movement and rebirth of learning and knowledge |
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Term
| What did Dias accomplish? da Gama? What was the significance of da Gama's voyage? |
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Definition
| Dias: Sailed from Portugal, around the tip of Africa, and back to Portugal; da Gama: sailed from Portugal, around the tip of Africa to India; da Gama discovered it was possible to reach India |
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Term
| What did Columbus think he had found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
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Definition
| A treaty that the Pope made to divide the land they had found. Everything west of the dividing line belonged to Portugal and everything east of the line belonged to Spain |
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Term
| What nation was successfully challenged the Spanish for control of North America? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did people first come to the New World? From where? How? |
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Definition
| Between 10,000 - 40,000 years ago; from Asia; by crossing a land bridge from eastern Siberia across the Bering Strait into what is now Alaska |
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Term
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Definition
| First European settlement in North America; in northern Canada (New Finland) |
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Term
| What did Sir Francis Drake accomplish? |
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Definition
| He sailed around the world |
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Term
| What were the social and ploitical effects of the success of tobacco production in Virginia? |
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Definition
1. Small farmers were pushed westward; large plantation owners had control
2. small ruling elite (planters)
3. Slavery |
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Term
| Who were the Calvanists and what did they want? |
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Definition
| Also known as the Puritans, they believed in predestination, wanted reform, they wanted "purify" the Catholic church. |
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Term
| Who were the first Puritans to migrate to New England? What was their relationship to the Church of England? |
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Definition
| The Pilgrims were the first Puritans to migrate to New England; they wanted to be completely seperated from the Church of England |
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Term
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Definition
| English defeated the Spanish Armada; from then on, English was on the way to being a world ruler and Spain was on the decline |
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Term
| What was the significance of the large number of settlers fro Barbados coming to Carolina? |
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Definition
| Barbados brought slaves and harsh laws pertaining to slavery with them; these laws would be the laws on slavery for the south. |
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Term
| Who was the first English ruler to support voyages of exploration on a large scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would changes in England be important for future colonization? (3) |
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Definition
1.Merchants (Capital)
2.Enclosure movement- land and territory being enclosed b/c of farming and new land was needed
3.Puritans facing greater persecution |
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Term
| What was Bacon's Rebellion? |
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Definition
| Rebellion by western farmers on Virginia against their government; they defeated the Indians then turned on Jamestown and showed the need for a better labor force. |
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Term
| How did the roles of men and women differ in Indian society? |
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Definition
Women: take care of children, cook, and clean.
Men: hunt and fight |
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Term
| Why don't we celebrate Lief Ericson day? |
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Definition
| Ericson's discovery was not as well known and did not have as big of an effect as Columbus' discovery. |
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Term
| What changes were taking place in England in the early years of the 17th century which encourage colonization? |
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Definition
1.Merchants
2.Enclosure movement
3.Persecution of puritans |
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Term
| Who was Amerigo Vespucci? |
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Definition
| He was who North and South America were named after. He was an explorer from Spain who declared that the land was not Asia, but some other land. |
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Term
| What were the objectives of the first English colonization in Virginia? (3) Were these objectives met? |
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Definition
1. find gold and silver
2. find Northwest passage to Asia
3. grow cash crops such as oranges, grapes, and silk worms.
All objectives were unsuccessful |
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Term
| How did Puritan ideology affect life in New England? |
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Definition
| Puritans traveled as whole families; they judged others, such as their neighbors; they looked out for bad behavior. |
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Term
| Why did Ferdinand and Isabella agree to finance Columbus' expedition? |
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Definition
| They saw it as an opportunity to reach and bring more people to Christianity |
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Term
| What did Cortes do? Pizarro? Why were they important? |
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Definition
Cortes defeated the Aztecs in Mexico
Pizarro defeated the Incas in Peru
They found lots of treasure and made Spain the richest nation |
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Term
| How did the French avoid conflict with the Indians? |
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Definition
| They traveled by boat and were peaceful with Indians because they weren't stealing the Indian's land, they adopted the Indian's lifestyle, some Frenchmen married Indian women. |
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Term
| What factors contributed to the improvement of conditions in the Virginia colony by the 1620s? |
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Definition
1. the discovery of tobacco as a cash crop
2. the headright system- every settler would recieve 50 acers of land and 50 more for every new settler they brought over, so population increased
3. women came over
4. House of Burgesses was the 1st legistlative system |
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Term
| How did Puritan settlement of New England differ from settlement of Virginia? |
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Definition
| Puritans wanted to be able to worship the way they pleased and traveled as families. Virginia settlers came looking for wealth. |
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Term
| What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? Why did the colony have such a hard time at first? |
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Definition
| Jamestown; Jamestown almost failed due to starvation and disease |
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Term
| What was the Mayflower compact? |
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Definition
| The Pilgrims decided to travel to America with other people on the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that a gov't would be established based on what the people wanted. |
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Term
| What kind of relationship did the Pilgrims have with the Indians? |
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Definition
| Most Indians that were encountered were friendly. Squanto was an English speaking Indian who helped the Pilgrims. The Indians taught them to farm and get food. Eventually the friendly relationship ended because the Pilgrims expanded and wanted more land. |
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Term
| What kind of gov't was est. at Plymouth? |
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Definition
| A representative gov't where al the neighboring towns would send representatives to Plymouth. |
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Term
| Around 1500, what changes were taking place in western Europe? |
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Definition
| Economic changes (capitalism), religion (protestant reformation), nation states (kings) |
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Term
| Who was Sir Walter Raleigh? What happened to his attempt to establish a colony at Roanoke Island? |
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Definition
| He was a favorite of Queen Elizabeth; He founded the colony at Roanoke Island; the colony disappeared |
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Term
| What was the Great Migration? |
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Definition
| The Great Migration was a great influx of people, mostly Puritans, to Massachusetts. |
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Term
| How did the economy of Massachusetts differ from that of Virginia? |
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Definition
| The economy of Massachusetts depended on overseas trade and Virinia depened on cash crops. |
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Term
| Descirbe the political struggle in Massachusetts in the first half of the 17th century. |
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Definition
| struggle between church leaders and people that were not so high in the church; struggle between the rich and the poor |
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Term
| Who was Roger Williams? Anne Hutchinson? |
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Definition
Williams- Seperatist minister of Massachusetts who had ideas like the gov't had no right to deal with religion and that the colonists should have to buy the land from the Indians. He was exiled and founded the Rhode Island colony, which allowed religious tolerance.
Hutchinson- had ideas like no outward behavior is a sign of salvation, and if you were saved, you did not have to obey outward laws. She was exiled and joined Williams in Rhode Island. Later she and her family moved west and were killed by Indians. |
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Term
| How did the religious and political policies of Rhode Island differ from that of Massachusetts? |
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Definition
| unlike Mass., in Rhode Island, all Christians could worship as they pleased and all men could vote, even those who were not church members. |
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Term
| Describe the relationship between the Puritans in Mass. and the Indians in the 17th century. |
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Definition
| Indians rebelled against the settlers. The Indians were led by King Phillip; Indians were successful at first but the English settlers eventually won by capturing the Indians. |
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Term
| How did the economy of New England differ from that of Virginia? |
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Definition
VA- Economy depended on cash crop (tobacco); large plantations; indentured servants/slaves; imports
NE- economy depended on trade; small farms; lived in villages; few servants or slaves ; ppl did their own work; self-sufficent |
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Term
| Who was Edmond Andros? What happened to him? |
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Definition
| He was the Royal Governor and was sent to the Dominion of New England; He antagonized the colonists by saying they had no rights as Englishmen because they were colonists; the colonists forced him to flee |
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Term
| What trade dominated the New England economy after 1638? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 5 New England colonies. |
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Definition
1. Massachusetts
2. New Hampshire
3. Rhode Island
4. Conneticut
5. Plymouth |
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Term
| What was a proprietary colony? |
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Definition
| land that was given out by the king to his friends or to ppl he owed a debt to in order to repay the debt; ppl who recieved and owned the land were called proprietors |
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Term
| How did Quaker policy toward the Indians differ from that of the other colonies? |
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Definition
| the Quakers bought land fro the Indians and didn't steal the land |
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Term
| What was the significance of the large number of settlers fro Barbados coming to Carolina? |
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Definition
| Barbados brought slaves and harsh laws pertaining to slavery with them; these laws would be the laws on slavery for the south. |
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Term
| Where did the Dutch settle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did James II try to solve the Mass. problem? |
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Definition
| combined all the New England colonies and New York and New Jersey to form the Dominion of New England |
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Term
| How did the northern part of Carolina differ from the southern part? |
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Definition
| small farms and fewer slaves in the northern part of Carolina |
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Term
| What was Carolina's export crop? What did this lead to? |
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Definition
| rice; led to a need for slave labor |
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Term
| What was the result of war between the Netherlands and England in the mid 17th century? |
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Definition
| England won and the name was changed to New York |
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Term
| Why was Maryland est.? What religious policy was est. there in 1649? |
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Definition
| Maryland was a place were English Catholics could go to escape persecution; The Toleration Act provided freedom for all Christians to worship as they pleased. |
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Term
| What new imperial policies were instituted by William III? Were Americans adversely affected? |
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Definition
| customs offices were set up in each colony; anyone who disobeyed the Navigation Laws would be tried by a judge and not by a jury; No, not much changed, smuggling still continued |
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Term
| Briefly describe Quaker beliefs. |
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Definition
| Quakers did not believe in Predestination; they were pacifists and were persecuted in England; they believed anyone could be saved; each person had and inner light; they had no ministers; they did not believe in taking oaths. |
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Term
| What principles were embodied in the Naviation Acts of 1660 and 1663? |
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Definition
| The crews had to be 75% English or colonial, all foreign goods had to be sent to England and put on English ships, it increased the prices on foreign goods. |
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Term
| What was the major cause of death among the Indians as a result of European expansion? |
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Definition
| Diseases brought by the Spanish that the Indians' immune system could not fight off. (smallpox and measles) |
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Term
| What were the political and religious policies of Pennsylvania? |
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Definition
| very liberal policies, all adult men as tax payers and land owners could vote; one house legistlature; all Christians had complete freedom of worship |
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Term
| What was the mercantile system? How did it affect the colonies? What was the problem of enforcement? |
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Definition
| economic activity was regulated by gov't to benefit the nation as a whole; worked well in the south but hurt the north |
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Term
| Where did the mercantile system work best? Worst? |
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Definition
| worked well in the southern colonies but hurt the northern colonies |
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Term
| What did New England merchants do when a high tax was placed on molasses from other countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Mass. charter of 1691 change Puritan religious policy? |
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Definition
| the Mass. charter of 1691 provided for religious tolerance |
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