Term
| Was the "Revolution of 1800" really a revolution? What was revolutionary about it? |
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Definition
| No becasuse there were no extreme changes; Jefferson was going to bring change, yet he did not make the changes that he wanted to; the only change was that it was the end of the Federalists party. |
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Term
| What changes did Jefferson make in the government? |
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Definition
| He reduced the size of the military, reduced the size of the diplomatic core, and he cut gov't expenses. |
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Term
| What was the Barbary War? What was its outcome? |
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Definition
| Undeclared war between United States and pirate states on the Northwest African coast; Pirate states demanded more higher amounts of money; Jefferson sent troops b/c he didn't want to pay; U.S. won the right to pay lower amounts and continued this for 10 years. |
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Term
| Explain the case of Marbury v. Madison. Why was it significant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were Lewis and Clark? |
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Definition
| Explorers, leaders of an expedition west, all the way to the Pacific coast. They kept journals and records off their findings, and collected plant specimens. First to explore Western lands beside the Native Americans. |
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Term
| Why was the Louisiana puchase a problem for Jefferson? |
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Definition
| Jefferson thought the constitution did not include the right of the president to buy so much land. He thought it was unconstitutional. |
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Term
| How did France and Britain try to end the stalemate in the war in Europe? How was America affected? |
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Definition
| France and Britain tried to end the stalemate by using economic blockades. Americans shipping was hurt; 100's of American ships were captured and Americans were forced to fight for the British navy. |
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Term
| What was Jefferson's response? Results? (Economically and politically) |
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Definition
| Jefferson created the Embargo Act in 1807 which stated that Americans could not trade with any other country. Resulted in drastic economic problems, commerce was halted, people start complaining about Jefferson,revival of the Federalists party; Stimulates northern manufacturing. |
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Term
| What was Macon's Bill No. 2? What was the response? |
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Definition
| Allowed Americans to trade with other countries but if either Britain or France would left their blockade, the U.S. would stop trade with the other. France lifted their blockade and U.S. stopped trading with Britain. This moved American one step closer to war with Britain. |
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Term
| Who were the sectional leaders in Congress after 1810? What did they all have in common? |
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Definition
Clay-Kentucky
Calhoun-South Carolina
Webster-Massachusetts
They all wanted to go to war with Britain to gain Canada. |
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Term
| Who was Tecumseh? What was his goal? What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe? |
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Definition
| Tecumseh was a Shawnee indian who believed all Indians should come together to fight against Americans and prevent Americans from moving westward. He wanted the Ohio River to be a boundary for Americans not to pass. At the Battle of Tippecanoe, the village was destroyed by Americans. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who were calling for war with Britain for the conquest of Canada (Clay, Calhoun, and their supporters) |
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Term
| What were the reasons for the American declaration of war against Britain in 1812? |
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Definition
| Removal of the British blockade; Stop capturing of American ships and the impressment of American sailors; stop indians from attacking. |
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Term
| Describe American support for the War of 1812. |
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Definition
| Before war was declared, people wree all for supporting the war. After the war began, nobody wanted to join the army and nobody wanted to pay higher taxes. |
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Term
| What happened to the American move against Canada? |
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Definition
| There were not successful; American frontier was pushed back to the Ohio River, so American was actually losing land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Britain had control of the seas, and they wanted Americans to stay put so Americans did. |
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Term
| Who was Oliver Hazard Perry? |
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Definition
| He was the American leader at the Battle of Lake Eerie; he said,"We have met the enemy and they are ours" |
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Term
| The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812, but the war was not over. Explain. |
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Definition
| It took weeks for word that the war was over to get to everyone in America and during the time b/w the signing of the treaty and the true end of the war, the Battle of New Orleans was fought and won (lead by Andrew Jackson) |
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Term
| What happened at the Hartford Convention? |
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Definition
| They New England Federalists were talking of secessions but were outvoted by moderates; this eventually lead to the end of the Federalists party. |
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Term
| Evaluate the Treaty of Ghent. |
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Definition
| It did not include the issuses that the war was started for. Many Americans felt like nothing had been accomplished and that it was just a matter time before another war began. |
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Term
| What were the results of the War of 1812? (4) |
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Definition
1. Americans won rights at sea
2. More unified America, pride
3. Indians degeated
4. Federalists final decline (b/c of the convention when they were speaking of secession) |
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Term
| What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? |
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Definition
| Agreement between U.S. and Britain that they would not arm the border b/w Canada and the Great Lakes. |
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Term
| Who was John Jacob Astor? |
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Definition
| Head of the American fur company; he had a monopoly on fur trading in Oregon. He was the first American millionaire. |
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Term
| How did Andrew Jackson deal with conflict in Florida in 1817? What were the results? |
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Definition
| Went in with troops, raided villages, killed indian chiefs; arrested two British citizens and had them executed; Gov't told him come home; Spain sold Florida to U.S. |
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Term
| What were the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty? |
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Definition
| Treaty of 1819- Spain sold Florida to the U.S. and established the border b/w the U.S. and Mexico all the way to th Pacific Ocean. |
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Term
| What were long staple and short staple cotton? |
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Definition
Long staple cotton- cotton originally grown in America, finest cotton, seeds could be easily removed, could only be grown along the coast.
Short staple cotton- could be grown just about any where, but the seeds were difficult to seperate. |
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Term
| The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 brought about an economic revolution in the south. Explain. |
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Definition
| Made the production of short staple cotton profittable, expanded the range of cotton fields and growing. Slavery was expanded dramatically. |
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Term
| How did southern specialization in cotton affect northwestern America? |
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Definition
| Southern farmers were so concerned with growing cotton for money that they didn't grow food for themselves; so the northwest began to specialize in growing foods/crops/livestock for the south. |
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Term
| What was the American System? |
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Definition
Henry Clay developed:
-High tariffs, benefitted NE towns
-internal improvements (roads, canals)
-allowed better trade and relation b/w west and north east. |
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Term
| What was the "Era of Good Fellings?" |
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Definition
| Time of national peace and unity, only one party, Republicans, who would later be called Democratic-Republicans. |
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Term
| What factors caused the post-war boom in the American economy? |
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Definition
| Trade was now open again; Americans could sell farm products to European/British markets. |
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Term
| Why did the existing 2-party system start to fall apart at this time? |
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Definition
| The Federalists finally died away b/c they had been linked to seccession at the Hartford convention while at the same time, the Republicans were adopting some Federalists views. |
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Term
| How did local bankers respond to the Second Bank of the United States? |
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Definition
| They didn't want them there and they tried to get the state legistlators to impose taxes on them to run them out of business. |
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Term
| How did local bankers respond to the Second Bank of the United States? |
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Definition
| They didn't want them there and they tried to get the state legistlators to impose taxes on them to run them out of business. |
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Term
| What principle was upheld in the Dartmouth college case? |
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Definition
| A charter was a contract between two parties and neither one alone could change it. |
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Term
| How did Marshall rule when Maryland tried to tax the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the U.S. out of exsistence? |
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Definition
| He ruled that the Maryland tax law was unconstitutional saying that "The power to tax is the power to destroy" |
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Term
| What was involved in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden? What was Marshall's ruling? |
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Definition
| "Steamboat case" New York state had given a person a monopoly over the steamboats in NY; NY's monopoly had interferred with the exclusive right of congress to regulate interstate commerce. |
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Term
| What was the Tallmadge Amendment? |
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Definition
| Amendment saying no more slaves could be brought into Missouri, and all the children of slaves would be freed at the age of 25. This amendment was rejected by the senate. |
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Term
| What events led to the breaking of the deadlock over Missouri's admission to the Union? |
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Definition
| Alabama was admitted as a slave state, then Maine came in as a free state. |
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Term
| What was the Missouri Compromise? How did it affect American unity? |
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Definition
| Maine came in as a free state; Missouri came in as a slave state; No slavery North of the line 36-30 forever; increased the division between the north and the south. |
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Term
| What was the Monroe Doctrine? What were the factors that had led to this doctrine? How was the Monroe Doctrine enforced? |
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Definition
| The Monroe Doctrine was a warning by the U.S. to the European countries that there would be no intervention and no colonization of European countries in the western hemisphere (North and South America); Fear of Spain trying to reclaim its colonies had led the British to propose a joint policy with U.S. but Monroe decided to do it alone. British navy enforced the Monroe Doctrine. |
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Term
| How had ideas about democracy changed by the Age of Jackson? How was this reflected in voting qualifications? |
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Definition
| Politicians: stressed democracy, talked about the "common man", and appealed to emotions. States got rid of property qualifications for voting, and by 1830's most adult white males could vote. |
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Term
| How had attitudes toward free blacks changed? |
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Definition
| Blacks lost the right to vote, lost access to school systems, and lost access to courts. |
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Term
| What was the voter participation trend in national elections of the early 19th century? |
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Definition
| Growing participation in voting because of the new two party system. |
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Term
| Who were the candidates in the election of 1824? |
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Definition
| Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford. |
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Term
| Who was elected president in 1824? How did this come about? |
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Definition
| John Quincy Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives because nobody had won the majority of the votes. |
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Term
| Why was Adams charged with corruption in the election of 1824? |
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Definition
| Clay helped Adams become president and Adams named Clay Sec. of State. |
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Term
| What was John Quincy Adams' program as president? Evaluate. |
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Definition
| Very ambitious plan including a national university and a national transportation system, however the everyone was against his program. Even though many ppl were against his plan, Quincy continued to push the plan. This showed his lack of political skills. The program was defeated in congress. |
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Term
| What political parties emerged in the 1820's? |
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Definition
National Republicans- Adams and supporters
Democrats- Jackson and supporters |
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Term
| What was the major issue in the election of 1828? How did the different sections of the country stand on the issue? |
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Definition
Tariff...?
Southern states-opposed the tariff
New England-split on the tariff
Middle states- supported
North western states- supported |
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Term
| What was the Tariff of Abominations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the National Republicans called Whigs? |
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Definition
| the name Whigs symbolized their resistance to Andrew Jackson, who they called "King Andrew" |
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Term
| What was the Kitchen Cabinet? |
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Definition
| group of Jackson's friends who held no political office but talked about political issues. |
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Term
| What was the Spoils System? What was Jackson's position on this? |
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Definition
| Spoils system was where the president would get rid of members of the office and place his friends in office. aka the "Patronage System". Jackson thought this was a good idea and that it stopped the gov't from being the property of a few. He wanted to get the "common man" in office. |
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Term
| How did Jackson differ from ealier presidents on the matter of legislation and his relationship to Congress? |
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Definition
| He vetoed more laws than all the other presidents combined. |
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Term
| What was the situation of the Cherokee Indians in Georgia by the late 1820's? |
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Definition
| Cherokee Inidians adopted American ways hoping to blend in and be able to stay on their land, but then gold was discovered on Cherokee land. The state of Georgia set out to seize the land but the Cherokees went to court. |
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Term
| What were John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokees? What were the results of these rulings? What happened to the Indians? |
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Definition
| Marshall ruled that only the Federal gov't had the authority over the Indians and the laws of Georgia have no influence the Cherokee land. Georgia forced the Indians to move anyway on the Trail of Tears. |
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Term
| What was the subject of the Webster-Hayne debate? What was Hayne's position? |
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Definition
Famous debate over the tariff. Webster-Maine supported the tariff and said only the supreme court can rule on constitutionality.
Hayne-South Carolina- opposed the tariff and said states have the right to nullify laws if they are unconstitutional. |
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Term
| How did Jackson demonstrate his position on the states' rights issue? |
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Definition
| Jackson proposed a toast saying "Our union, it must be preserved." |
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Term
| Why did Jackson break with Calhoun? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Calhoun respond to the Tariff of 1832? What did South Carolina do? |
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Definition
| He resigned from vice president, went home to South Carolina and published his Doctran of Nullification. South Carolina nullified the tariffs saying they were unsconstitutional and S.C. threatened to secceed if Fed. troops were sent in to enforce and collect the tariff. |
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Term
| How was the nullification controversy resolved? |
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Definition
Two elements:
1. Compromise Tariff- Gradually lower the tariff over a number of years.
2. Force Bill- enforces Jackson's ability to use military force if necessary
(Both sides thought they won) |
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Term
| How did Jackson attack the Bank after the election of 1832? |
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Definition
| He took the bov't money out of the Bank and put it in a number of "pet banks" or state banks. |
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Term
| How did Biddle respond to Jackson's attack on the Bank? Results? |
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Definition
| He tried to cause an economic crisis hoping Jackson would back down. Biddle had to eventually back downand the economy boomed. |
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Term
| What economic problems faced Martin Van Buren? What was his solution? |
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Definition
| He was faced with an economic depression. He didn't have a plan. |
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Term
| Who were the Whig candidates in 1840? Why? |
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Definition
William Henry Harrison-elected as Presidential Candidate b/c he was a war hero and the party could not agree b/w Clay and Webster.
Tyler-elected Vice Presidential candidate because he was from the south and it would balance out the ballot geographically. |
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Term
| What were the Whig plans for the new administration? What happened? |
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Definition
| that Webster and Clay would run things behind the scenes. |
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Term
| Evaluate the Tyler presidency. |
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Definition
| He had very anti-whig views, he vetoed everything that congress tried to pass. It was an unsuccessful presidency. |
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Term
| What political changes had come about during the Jackson presidency? |
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Definition
-2 political parties (Democrats and Whigs)
-Emergence of the common man
-more ppl are involved in politics
-Politicians appeal more to emotions than reason
-the idea of a strong, activist president. |
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Term
| What was the major factor leading to the emergence of two distinct political parties, Whigs and Democrats? |
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Definition
| Whether you supported Jackson or opposed him decided if you were a Whig or a Democrat. opposed Jackson- Whig supported- Democrat |
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