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All Anatomy
Test 1
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
short bones
Definition
small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone. Function: Shock absorption
Term
Long Bones
Definition
composed of a long cylindrical shaft with wide protruding ends. Function: Levers.
Term
flat bones
Definition
usually have a curved surface and vary from thick from thick where tendons attach to very thin. Function: protection, large surface area for muscle/tendon attachment
Term
irregular bones
Definition
include bones throughout entire spine and ischium, pubis, and maxilla. Function: Varies
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
patella, flexor tendon of thumb and big toe. Function: improvement of mechanical advantage
Term
condyle
Definition
large, smooth, rounded projection
Term
facet
Definition
small flat surface
Term
head
Definition
rounded projection of epiphysis separated by a neck, looks like a mushroom or penis
Term
crest
Definition
narrow and ridgelike process
Term
epicondyle
Definition
projection above condyle
Term
line
Definition
ridge of bone(less prominent than crest)
Term
process
Definition
any projection
Term
spine
Definition
sharp, slender projection
Term
suture
Definition
line of union between bones
Term
trochanter
Definition
large roughened projection
Term
tubercle
Definition
small rounded projection
Term
tuberosity
Definition
small roughened projection
Term
foramen
Definition
rounded hole or opening for blood vessels or nerves
Term
fossa
Definition
shallow depression or flattened surface
Term
sulcus
Definition
narrow furrow or groove-like depression
Term
notch
Definition
depression in the margin of a bone
Term
synarthrodial
Definition
immovable joint, gomphosis and suture which are fibrous
Term
amphiarthrodial
Definition
slightly movable, syndesmosis (fibrous), symphysis and synchondrosis (cartilagenous)
Term
diarthrodial
Definition
motion possible in one or more planes, gliding, hinge, pivot, biaxial ball and socket, saddle, multiaxial ball and socket (synovial)
Term
gomphosis
Definition
peg into socket, fibrous
Term
suture
Definition
two bones touching held by "cement," fibrous
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
two bones joined together by a strong ligament, allows minimal movement, fibrous
Term
synchondrosis
Definition
type of joint separated by hyline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones, cartilagenous
Term
symphysis
Definition
joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones, cartilagenous
Term
diarthrodial=synovial
Definition
diarthrodial=synovial
Term
irritability
Definition
property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
Term
contractility
Definition
ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal forve against resistance when stimulated
Term
extensibility
Definition
ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond it normal resting length
Term
elasticity
Definition
ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching
Term
similarities between afferent and efferent
Definition
both have cell bodies, dendrites, axons
Term
differences between afferent and efferent neurons
Definition
afferent-dendrites sends messages from periphery, efferent-from spinal cord
Term
action potential to axon terminals
Definition
calcium uptake, release of synaptic vescicles (ACh), vescicles release ACh, ACh binds sarcolemma
Term
AP along the sarcolemma
Definition
action potential to t tubules... 1. t tubules carry AP inside 2. AP activates sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
calcium release
Definition
activation of SR, Calcium released into sarcoplasm
Term
coupling acin and myosin
Definition
myosin grabs actin
Term
neuromuscular function
Definition
1. Nerve Impulse 2. Neurotransmitter release 3. Action potential along sarcolemma 4. Calcium release 5. Coupling of actin and myosin 6. Sliding filaments
Term
sliding filament
Definition
boy band, 1. cross bridge 2. Power stroke 3. Dissociation 4. Reactivation of myosin
Term
agonist muscles
Definition
activated muscle group during concentric or eccentric phases of movement, most responsible for motion
Term
antagonist muscles
Definition
oppo side of joint, have the oppo concentric action, reciprocal inhibition
Term
synergist muscles
Definition
assist in action agonists, guide the action, ex. stabilizing dumbbells while doing BP
Term
stabilizer muscles
Definition
surround joint or body part, contract to fixate or stabilize area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and move
Term
neutralizer muscle
Definition
counteract or neutralize the action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions, activation to resist specific actions of other muscles
Term
length tension relationship
Definition
tension goes up as length goes up for passive, too short-no tension, too long-no tension, connective tissue-passive, actual muscle-active
Term
force velocity relationship
Definition
concentric-velocity up, force down. eccentric-velocity up, force up.
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
cells get bigger
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
more cells
Term
type I
Definition
slow twitch, continuous, extended muscle contractions over a long time. They fire more slowly than fast twitch fibers and can go for a long time before they fatigue. Therefore, slow twitch fibers are great at helping athletes run marathons and bicycle for hours.
Term
type II
Definition
fast twitch, better at generating short bursts of strength or speed than slow muscles. However, they fatigue more quickly.
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