Term
| Colostrum should have SG above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is the most important defense mechanism against neonatal diarrhea and pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name breed, # dry days threshold, and bad practice assocaited with poor quality colostrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgG should be at least _____mg/dL in calf's serum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than IgG name a cell type, factor, and other Ig important in Colostrum |
|
Definition
| Lymphocyte, Insulin-like growth factor, IgA |
|
|
Term
| Dystocia is associated with neonatal acidosis which causes a poor_______, and predispose to low volume intake of colostrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Total Protein in a healthy calf should be above___ to indicate successful passive transfer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sodium sulfate precip test- what used for and how assessed |
|
Definition
| Passive Transfer ( in calf serum); must have precipitation in all dilutions |
|
|
Term
| Calves have a (higher/lower) Abomasal pH and are therefore susceptible to these two pathogens: |
|
Definition
| Higher; Salmonella and E. coli |
|
|
Term
| K99 denotes the ______ type of E. coli; which causes active secretiong of these three electrolytes: |
|
Definition
| Enterotoxigenic; sodium, chloride, bicarb |
|
|
Term
ETEC clin apth signs are hypo-( three blood values); hyper or hypo (one ion) and have a metabolic ( alkalosis or acidosis)?
answer should have four ions plus met state |
|
Definition
| Hyponatremia, Hypoglycemia, Hypochloridemia; hyperkalemia at first and later maybe hypokalemia; and metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Three reason why calf is acidotic in ETEC ( two of the reasons result in lactic acid production) |
|
Definition
| 1. Bicarb loss in gut 2. lactic acid fermentation in hind gut 3. Hypovolemia- low O2 and anaerobic resp |
|
|
Term
| why not add electrolytes to your milk?? |
|
Definition
| prevent necessary clot ( curd) formation in abomasum |
|
|
Term
| What does EHEC due that ETEC does not which results in a more mucohemorrhagic diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Three charcteristics of simple indigestion
( think: what is decreased, hows the activity and which way does the pH go) |
|
Definition
| Dec VFAs; Rumen Atony; Rumen alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| Mixing Cylce depends on three things to work: ( think stimulus, mucscle and nerves) |
|
Definition
| Forestomach receptors, Contractility, Vagus & central nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of Simple Indigestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 non-feed causes for simple indigestion ) think three important components of mixing |
|
Definition
| Vagus path, hypocalc, peritonitis, ednotoxemia, pain |
|
|
Term
| You got some malodorous poo: name three potential differentials: |
|
Definition
| Simple Indigestion, Type II Vagal Indigestion, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
| Primary tx concern for simple indigestion: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three important things to put in fluid of simple indigestion cow, and one good drug |
|
Definition
| dextrose, potassium, B12; steroids |
|
|
Term
| There are 11 manifestations of Subacute Rumen Acidosis. Name the 6 directly resulting from pathogens |
|
Definition
| Liver Abcess, Laminitis, Acute Death Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome, Mycotic Rumenitis, Cerebro-cortico necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Two Syndromes of Subacute Rumen Acidosis are directly resulting from Clostridium perfringens. What are they? |
|
Definition
| Acute Death Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Liver Abcesses secondary to subacute rumen acidosis are usually due to these two pathogens: |
|
Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum and Truperella Pyogenes |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrocortico necrosis secondary to subacute ruman acidosis is do to _______producing bacteria, ______&_________ |
|
Definition
| thiaminase; Clostridium sporogenes and Bacillus thiaminolyticus |
|
|
Term
| Your cow had too many bagels and is now epistactic What is the most likely mechanism |
|
Definition
| Inc Lactic Acid--> Rumenitis-->Sepsis-->Posterior Vena Caval Thrombosis--> Septic pulmonary Emboli-->pulmonary hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Liver abcess from subacute rumen acidosis may manifest on blood work as hypo_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactic Acidosis: color and pH of rumen fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacterial species is seen overgrowing in low pH before reaching a point of lactobacillus?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might extremities be cold in lactic acidosis? |
|
Definition
| Lactic Acid in Rumen--> high osmolarity--> fluid pulled into rumen--> hypovolemic shock |
|
|
Term
| Why severe azotemia with lactic acidosis? |
|
Definition
| circulating lactic acid ( esp -D) can cause chemical nephrosis with anuria |
|
|
Term
| Adhesions around cardia and reticulum can cause which type vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for type 1 vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of Omasal Transport is which type of vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type II vagal indigestion is most commonly caused by an _____ found on _____ side of reticulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is pathognomonic for type II vagal indigestion ( i think) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type III vagal indigestion synonym is________ and is usually due to damage to the ________ |
|
Definition
| Pyloric Outflow Obstruction; Vagus Nerve |
|
|
Term
| How can peritonitis cause a type III vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
| Peritonitis-->Vagal Nerve Damage-->Abomasal Hypomotility--> no movement out of abomasum |
|
|
Term
| What would you look for in rumen to dx Type III vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
| high chloride; acidosis ( low pH) |
|
|
Term
| Dx on blood chem for type III vagal indigestion |
|
Definition
| Hypochloridemic metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| what kind of stool do you see with type III vagal indigestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two causes for SEVERE free gas bloat |
|
Definition
| esophageal obstruction and type I vagal Indigestion |
|
|
Term
| Three main syndromes assoc with rumen hypomotility |
|
Definition
| Vagal Indigestion II, MILD free gas bloat, simple indigestion |
|
|
Term
| Poloxalene is a common surfactant used as preventative for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With hardware dz, a. what sign of pain do you see b. hows TPR c. how many days positive for pain test d. diarrhea or scant feces? |
|
Definition
| a. tucked up appearance b. increased c. 3 days d. scant |
|
|
Term
| Seven sequelae of Hardware Dz |
|
Definition
| 1. localized fibrous tissue 2. Abscess 3. Acute diffuse peritonitis 4. Liver/Spleen Abscess 5. Pericarditis/Pleuritis 6. Chrnoic peritonitis 7. Fatal Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What do you look for in abdominocentesis ith hardware dz |
|
Definition
| degenerative Neutrophils with engulfed bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Three main signs with traumatic pericarditis ( two signs on look of cow, one sign with heart sound) |
|
Definition
| Brisket edema, engorged Jug Vein, Washing Machine sound of heart |
|
|
Term
| Five main associations with abomasal ulcers (two infectious etiologies) |
|
Definition
| 1. Postpartum Stress Cow 2. Idiopathic in Calves 3. Rumen Acidosis 4. Displaced Abomasum 5. Lymphoma 6. BVD |
|
|
Term
| what do you need to give with sucralfate for it to work on an abomasal ulcer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A decrease in abomasal tone and subsequent displacement can be caused by one rumen condition and two blood chem cvalues which are: |
|
Definition
| Increased VFAs, Dec calcium, metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anorexia and pregnancy induced dec rumen volume |
|
|
Term
| sometime eyes are sunken in with a displaced abomasum... what does that indicate? |
|
Definition
| greater than 10% dehydration |
|
|
Term
| in LDA, what 3 elctrolytes are hypo? What is elevated ( think neg E balance)? and is it a metabolic acid/alkalosis? |
|
Definition
| Hypochloridemic, Hypokalemic, Hypocalcemic, Ketosis, Metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| when doing LDA roll and toggle- when you initially bring cow down, do you put her in left or right lateral recumbency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small intestinal ileus 2ndary to abomasal dislpacement can be tx with these two main drugs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in postoperative assessment of DA, what should not still e present and what should have decreased. If not, there is still ongoing problem |
|
Definition
| NO more ping and DEC pulse rate |
|
|
Term
| What si a common cause/assoc with RDA RAV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which two GI conditions in a cow are you pretty much SOL |
|
Definition
| Abomasal Impaction and Intestinal volvulus/intussusception |
|
|
Term
| Of all the intestinal twisting problem, which one can actually be easily fixed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roughage with high____ content predisposes to abomasal impaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cyanosis with ulcers and peracute death in sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| L shaped distention ( 3 things) |
|
Definition
| Rumen overfilling, abomasal overfilling, abomasal impaction |
|
|
Term
| any sheep or goat with tongue drooping and eye signs has _____ until proven otherwise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are stretching or inflammation more painful? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If methylene blu test does not return to normal color in less than ____minutes, then you need a ______. Because there is ferm fail |
|
Definition
| 5 minutes, transfaunation |
|
|
Term
| what condition is absent of a rumen smell because lack of VFAs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scant loose stool assoc with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main differentail for dysphagia, but also consider these other two important dz |
|
Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum; Rabies and Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Term
| When doing a necropsy for bluetongue, if see hemorrhage here it is pathognomonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Actinobacillosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chewing cud helps break down____ which greatly affects transit time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes necrotic stomatitis and subsequentvena caval syndrome |
|
Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum |
|
|
Term
| you will see mainly gram (+/-) when overfeeding carbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 main functions of primary cycle? |
|
Definition
| 1. mixing, 2. emptying, 3. Absorption VFAs (MEA) |
|
|
Term
| left paralumbar foss DISTEntion or marked left side distention = |
|
Definition
| free gas bloat (mild--> severe) |
|
|
Term
| It could be bluetongue but maybe: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what initiates the primary cycle |
|
Definition
| stretch receptors for rumen filling |
|
|
Term
| Two things that cause ventral distention, and if preggos think: |
|
Definition
| Ascites, Bladder rupture; hydrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when see dental mottling what will help you make dx towards fluorosis |
|
Definition
| lumps and bumps on metacarpus and metatarsus ( exostoses) |
|
|
Term
| very common cause of subq edema in cows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rounded Barrel Shape abdomen in not bloat but rather: |
|
Definition
| lower gi think ileus or intuscuception |
|
|
Term
| rumen fermentation failure has ___ color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abrasive diets in sheep can lead to: |
|
Definition
| periodontal dz and osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| 3 things needed for fermentation |
|
Definition
| CNS control, Balanced Ration, Normal Flora |
|
|
Term
| you can palpate these lymphnodes well on rectal exan especially during two diseased states |
|
Definition
| iliac, chronic mastitis, lymphosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| for rumencentesis use at least a ___" and ____ gauge needle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five differentials swelling in retropharyngeal area |
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium necrophorum, Fusobacterium necrphorum, Cutaneous Actinobacillosis. Arcanobacter pyogenes; Tb |
|
|
Term
| Why can roughage that's milled too fine cause rumen acidosis? |
|
Definition
| no tactile stim--> no rumination--> no saliva buffer--> persistent acid |
|
|
Term
| elongated ulcers in esophagus very indicative of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in sheep- when see crusty proliferative lesion around mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what zoonotic disease in sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pharyngeal Paralysis 5 diff |
|
Definition
| Rabies, Botulism, Listeriosis, Brain Abcess, Idipathic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesicles on teats 4 (maybe 5) differentials |
|
Definition
| FMD, vesicular stomatitis, pseudo cowpox, herpes mammilitis, (Bovine Papular Stomatitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which GI bacterial dz very stinky and which one no odor? |
|
Definition
| stinky: salmonella odorless:Johnes |
|
|
Term
| Bloat results from failure of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 other differentials for excessive wear of teeth ( other than fluorosis) |
|
Definition
| overgrazing abrasive diet low ca/PO4 |
|
|
Term
| which blind sac contracts to refill the reiculum in last phase of primary cylce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two diferentials dental mottling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two antigenically related viral diseases that cause horshoe lesions on cow teats |
|
Definition
| pseudo cowpox, bovine papular stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| Rumination begins with ___receptors on ____wall by ____ sized roughage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anytime see edema of mouth lips and tongue in sheep think: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eructation begins by stretch receptors on ____. And moves food below the _______ |
|
Definition
| dorsal rumen wall; cardia |
|
|
Term
| Big difference between lesion caused by Actinomyces and Arcanobacter is |
|
Definition
| that former is thickwalled and the latter is thin |
|
|
Term
| two difference bet diagnosin RDA and spiral colon distention by ping |
|
Definition
| spiral colon higher pithed and intermittent |
|
|
Term
| BVD is immunosupressive and therefore part of the_____ |
|
Definition
| bovine resp disease complex |
|
|
Term
| non-colic signs of abdominal pain (name 3) |
|
Definition
| bruxism, shallow rapid breathing, rigid arched posture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differential with orf (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two PE chracteristics of small rumen |
|
Definition
| 1. tucked up abdomen 2. sunken left paralumbar fossa |
|
|
Term
| when does the pole test not work? |
|
Definition
| 3+ days after acute inflammation |
|
|
Term
| 4 main essential tasks of saliva to rumen environement |
|
Definition
| 1. lignin breakdown 2.Lubrication 3. Buffer 4. Dec surf Tens to reduce foam |
|
|
Term
| A jaw abscess is moveable while this disease is hard with a discharging tract |
|
Definition
| Actinomyces bovis or subq Actinobacillus |
|
|
Term
| which protozoa are most susceptible to rumen changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesicles in mouth teat and feat: two differentials |
|
Definition
| FMD, vesicular stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| rumen palpation will feel soft with ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what commonly happens to rumen in sheep with orf |
|
Definition
| rumen atony needing transfaunation |
|
|
Term
| Pharyngeal Obstruction usually caused by feeding____ but ________ should always be on your differential!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a cow has eaten a lot fo grain and prob has rumen (acid/alkaosis) and therefore rumen color is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differential for low LEFT ventral distention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteomyelitis of mandible |
|
Definition
| actinomyces bovis: lumpy jaw |
|
|
Term
| Most common VFA at normal rumen pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is acute peritonitis so painful? |
|
Definition
| fibrin pulls on moving surfaces |
|
|
Term
| which bad acid increases with grain consumption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reticulum contraction causes what 2 things to happen |
|
Definition
| move ingest from front to back andopen omasal orfice and push through |
|
|
Term
| Can get 2ndry to snake bite or not changing needles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which VFA causes rumen hyperkeratosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria is associated with the following: Metatsatic Pneumonia, Vena caval syndrome, liver abscesses, calf diptheria |
|
Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum |
|
|
Term
| A rumen ping tells you that there is: |
|
Definition
|
|
